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1.
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D.V. + (어/아)하다
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=> "to feel . . ."
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Most descriptive verbs of emotion are turned into action verbs by attaching -(어/아)하다, thereby changing intransitive
(adjective) verbs to transitive verbs.
| 기쁘다 |
"to be happy" |
기뻐하다 |
"to feel happy" |
| 슬프다 |
"to be sad" |
슬퍼하다 |
"to mourn" |
| 괴롭다 |
"to be distressed" |
괴로워하다 |
"to suffer" |
| 재미있다 |
"to be fun" |
재미있어 하다 |
"to enjoy" |
| 좋다 |
"to be good" |
좋아하다 |
"to like" |
| 싫다 |
"to dislike" |
싫어하다 |
"to dislike" |
| 즐겁다 |
"to be joyful" |
즐거워하다 |
"to enjoy" |
| -고 싶다 |
"to wish/want" |
-고 싶어하다 |
"to wish/want to" |
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친구 만나는 것이 즐거워요.
=> I enjoy meeting with my friend.
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마리아가 친구 만나는 것을 즐거워해요.
=> Maria enjoys meeting with her friend.
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부모님을 못 보는 것이 슬프다.
=> I am sad about not seeing my parents.
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부모님을 못 보는 것을 슬퍼해요.
=> He moans/is sad about not being able to see his parents.
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나는 이 책이 저 책보다 좋다.
=> I like this book better than that book.
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나는 이 책을 저 책보다 좋아한다.
=> I like this book better than that book.
-
나는 영화가 보고 싶다.
=> I want to see a movie.
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알렉스도 영화를 보고 싶어한다.
=> Alex also wants to see a movie.
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2. |
A.V. + ㄴ/은 지(가) . . . 되다 |
| => "it's been . . . since . . ." |
This pattern is used to indicate that a period of time has elapsed since the action or event.
- 한국에 온 지(가) 10 년 됐어요.
=> It's been ten years since I came to Korea.
- 밥 먹은 지(가) 3 시간 됐어요.
=> It's been three hours since I had my meal.
- 친구를 만난 지 오래 됐어요.
=> It's been awhile since I saw my friend.
- 고속도로가 생긴 지 얼마나 됐어요?
=> How long has it been since the highway was built?
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3. |
Polite suggestions: - (으)면 어때요? |
| => "How about . .
.?" |
Politeness is an important aspect of the Korean language. The following list indicates the increasing degrees of politeness.
- -(으)면 어때?
=> "How about it?" (nonpolite)
- -(으)면 어때요?
=> "How about it, please?" (polite but informal)
- -(으)면 어떨까요?
=> "Would it be all right to . . . ?" (more polite)
- -(으)면 어떻겠습니까?
=> "Would you mind if . . . ?" (polite and formal)
- -(으)면 어떠시겠습니까?
=> "Would you mind if . . . ?" (polite, formal, and honorific)
- 왕복표를 사면 어때(요)?
=> How about buying a round-trip ticket?
- 10 시까지 기다리면 어떨까요?
=> Would you mind waiting until ten o'clock?
- 대전에서 주무시면 어떠시겠습니까?
=> Would you mind staying over in Taejŏn?
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4.
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a.
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V. + ㄴ/은/는 + 것이 아니라
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| => "it is not (the fact) that," "not . . . but . . ." |
| b.
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N. + 이/가 아니라
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| => "it is not N. but . . . ," "not N. but . . ." |
This expression amends a first action, event, or noun by a second.
(a)
- 고속 버스를 타는 것이 아니라 기차를 탈 거예요.
=> We are not taking an express bus, but we will take a train.
- 여기는 날씨만 좋은 게 아니라 사람들도 친절해요.
=> Not only is the weather nice here, but the people are also nice.
(b)
- 로스앤젤레스가 아니라 시애틀에 도착했어요.
=> He arrived in Seattle, not Los Angeles.
- 윌키 선생님이 아니라 메튜가 통역을 했어요.
=> Not Mr. Wilkey, but Matthew interpreted (it).
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5. |
a.
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A.V. + 는 중(에)
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| => "in the middle/midst of doing . . ." |
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b.
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N. + 중(에)
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| => "among," "in the midst of . . ." |
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(a)
- 시험을 준비하는 중이야.
=> I am in the midst of preparing for an exam.
- 저녁 식사하시는 중에 죄송합니다.
=> I am sorry (to bother you) in the middle of your dinner.
- 열심히 일을 하는 중에 전화가 왔다.
=> While I was working hard, the telephone rang.
(b)
- 시험 중에 전화가 왔다.
=> During the exam, a telephone rang.
- 텔레비전 방송 중에 아기가 울기 시작했다.
=> During the television show, the baby started crying.
- 학생들 중에 나타샤가 제일 인기다.
=> Among the students, Natasha is the most popular.
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6.
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-다고/-라고 그래(요)
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| => "it's said (so)," “it is called . . ." |
This sentence ending is a colloquial expression similar to the indirect speech forms -고 해(요) and -래(요). (See also L5, GN2)
- 부산에 산다고 안 그랬니?
=> Didn't you say you live in Pusan?
- 저 건물 이름이 뭐니?
=> What's the name of that building?
- 독립 기념관이라고 그래.
=> They say it's Independence Hall.
-고 그래(요) is not to be confused with 그래(요), which has various meanings depending on the context, as shown in these examples:
- 요즘 방학이니?
=> Are you on vacation now?
그래.
=> Yeah.
- 내일 모임에 나올래요?
=> Will you come to the meeting tomorrow?
그래요.
=> Yes, I will.
- 요즘 물건값이 너무 비싸요.
=> The prices are too expensive these days.
그래요.
=> You are right./I agree.