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1.
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V. + ㄹ/을까 봐
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=> "(because) . . . afraid that," "in anticipation of"
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This connective explains the reason for the action or the event in the main clause.
- 경치를 놓칠까 봐 잠도 안자고 창 밖을 내다보았다.
=> Afraid that I might miss the scenery, I looked out the window without sleeping.
- 이따가 비가 올까 봐 우산을 가지고 왔다.
=> Afraid that it might rain later, I brought an umbrella.
- 언니는 실수할까 봐 조심해서 말했다.
=> Afraid that she might make a mistake, my sister spoke carefully.
- 운동하고 나서 배고플까 봐 도시락을 많이 싸왔다.
=> Afraid that I might get hungry after exercising, I brought a lot for lunch.
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2.
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A.V. + (어/아) 있다
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| => "to be in the state/place
of," "to be still . . ."
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This construction describes the state of being and is usually used with 오다, 가다, 앉다, 서다, 남다, 비다, 붙다, 쌓이다, and 뜨다 verbs, as in 가 있다, 서 있다, 붙어 있다, 쌓여 있다, and 떠 있다. (See the helping verbs chart in
L14, GN7.)
- 교환학생으로 한국에 와 있으면서 영어도 가르친다.
=> While I am here as an exchange student, I also teach English.
- 비서 자리가 아직 비어 있었니?
=> Is the secretarial position still vacant?
- 불교 문화가 경주에 남아 있다.
=> Buddhist culture still exists in Kyŏngju.
- 카페에 들어가니 후안이 의자에 앉아 있었다.
=> When I came into the cafe, Juan was sitting in a chair.
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3. |
A.V. + 느라(고)
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=> "for doing . . . ," "(in order) to do . . ."
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This connective is used to indicate the reason for or purpose of an action.
- 회사 일을 하느라고 바빴다.
=> I was busy working on company business.
- 급하게 나오느라고 숙제를 놓고 왔어요.
=> Because I left home in a hurry, I left the assignment behind. (Literally, "In order to leave in a hurry, I left the assignment at home.")
- 뭐 하느라고 잠도 못 잤니?
=> Why couldn't you sleep? (Literally, "What were you doing that you could not sleep?")
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4.
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Idiomatic use of 을/를 빼고
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=> "without”
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-을/를 빼고 literally means "subtracting" or "taking out" but translates to "without" in
English.
- 비빔밥에 고기를 빼고 주세요.
=> Please make my bibimbap without meat.
- 너를 빼고 우리가 놀러 갈 수 있겠니?
=> How can we go and have fun without you?
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5. |
V. + ㄴ/는/었/았단다
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=> "(I am telling you) . . . ," "(I say) . . ."
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This intimate ending indicates that the speaker is informing the listener about what is going on or about what the facts are. It is the equivalent of saying "you know" or "I am telling you" in American colloquial style.
- 한국전쟁에서 사람들이 많이 죽었단다.
=> Many people were killed in the Korean War, you know.
- 전라남도와 북도를 호남 지방이라고 한단다.
=> The South and North Chŏlla Provinces are known as the Honam region, you know.
- 재미있는 옛날 이야기들을 많이 알고 계신단다.
=> (I am telling you) he knows many interesting stories.
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6. |
N. + (이)라면서요?
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=> "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?"
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D.V. + 다면서요?
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=> "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?"
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A.V. + ㄴ/는다면서요?
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=> "is it true that . . . ?," "is (what I heard) true?"
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This casual question ending asks for a confirmation of what the speaker heard or was told.
- 광주가 문화도시라면서요?
=> Is it true that Kwangju is a cultural city?
- 그 분이 선생님이라면서요?
=> Is it true that he is a teacher?
- 요즘 동부의 날씨가 춥다면서요?
=> Is it true that it is cold in the East?
- 작년엔 더 추웠다면서요?
=> Is it true that it was even colder last year?
- 그 분이 일본에 가신다면서요?
=> Is it true he is going to Japan?
- 요즘 히로세가 한국 소설책을 읽는다면서요?
=> Is it true that Hirose reads Korean fiction?
- 지난달에는 한국 시를 읽었다면서요?
=> Is it true that he read Korean poems last month?
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7. |
Reading mathematical terms
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The basic mathematical terms, related to addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
fractions are read in the following ways.
더하기 addition
- 2 + 3 = 5
=> 이 더하기 삼은 오. (이 플러스 삼은 오)
빼기 subtraction
- 10 - 4 = 6
=> 십 빼기 사는 육. (십 마이너스 사는 육)
곱하기 multiplication
- 6 × 10 = 60
=> 육 곱하기 십은 육십.
나누기 division
- 100 ÷ 20 = 5
=> 백 나누기 이십은 오.
분수 common fraction
- 1/3
=> 삼분의 일
- 1 2/5
=> 일과 오 분의 이
소수 decimal fraction
- 2.34
=> 이점 삼사
- 0.5
=> 영점 오
짝수 even number
홀수 odd number
- 십에 오를 더하면 얼마예요?
=> What is 10 plus 5?
- 십과 오를 합하면 얼마예요?
=> What is 10 plus 5?
- 이십에서 십을 빼면 얼마예요?
=> What is 20 minus 10?
- 이분의 일과 삼분의 이를 합하면 얼마예요?
=> What is 1/2 plus 2/3?
- 백을 셋으로 나누면 몇이에요?
=> What is 100 divided by 3?
- 칠에 육을 곱하면 얼마예요?
=> What is 7 times 6?