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1. |
N. + À»/¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©(¼)
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=> "by way of," "through"
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-À»/¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©(¼) or -À»/¸¦ ÅëÇØ(¼) indicates a conduit or a medium that can be either abstract or concrete.
Abstract
- Çѱ¹ÀüÀïÀ» ÅëÇØ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆòÈÀÇ ¼ÒÁßÇÔÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
=> People learned the value of peace through the Korean War.
- ±â¼÷»ç »ýȰÀ» ÅëÇØ Ä£±¸¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
=> I made many friends through living in the dormitory.
Concrete
- ºÎ»êÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼öÃâÀÔǰµéÀÌ µé¾î¿À°í ³ª°£´Ù.
=> Imports and exports are coming in and going out through Pusan.
- Ä£±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±× »ç¶÷À» ¼Ò°³¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
=> He was introduced to me by my friend.
- º¸°í¼ ÀÛ¼ºÀ» ÇÏ·Á¸é ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀڷḦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
=> To make a report, we have to find the material through a computer.
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2. |
V. + ±â/°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù
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=> "it is expected," "it is only natural that . . ."
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-±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù and -°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù are used interchangeably, although -°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù is considered to be the standard form.
- ÀÌ±ä »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇÑÅÎ ³»±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù.
=> The winner is expected to treat (others).
- ±Ý¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â ±³ÅëÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù.
=> It's expected that the traffic will be congested on Fridays.
- ÇлýÀº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø±â ¸¶·ÃÀ̾ß.
=> Students are expected to be busy.
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3. |
N. + ¿¡ ºñÇØ(¼) . . . (V. + ¤¤/Àº/´Â ÆíÀÌ´Ù)
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=> "compared with . . . , (it is on the side of) . . ."
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This comparative construction indicates that something is "somewhat
better / worse / more / less than . . . ," and -ÆíÀÌ´Ù indicates a small degree of difference.
- ±âÂ÷Ç¥´Â ºñÇà±âÇ¥¿¡ ºñÇØ °ªÀÌ ½Ñ ÆíÀÌ´Ù.
=> Train tickets are somewhat cheaper than airplane tickets.
- ÀϺ»¿¡ ºñÇØ ¹Ì±¹Àº ¹°°¡°¡ ½Î¿ä.
=> Compared with those in Japan, the prices are cheaper in the United States.
- ÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â °¡°Ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ÁÁÀº ÆíÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
=> Considering the price, this computer performs relatively well.
- Ç´Â ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ºñÇØ ¾î·Á º¸¿©.
=> Henry looks young for his age.
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4.
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V. + ´Ù½ÃÇÇ
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=> "as you (know, see, hear)"
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-´Ù½ÃÇÇ means "as things are" or "as (the way it is)" and is most often used in the following expressions:
¡¡
| ¾Ë´Ù½ÃÇÇ |
"as you know" |
| ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ |
"as you know" (HON.) |
| º¸´Ù½ÃÇÇ |
"as you can see" |
| µè´Ù½ÃÇÇ |
"as you can hear" |
| µé¾ú´Ù½ÃÇÇ |
"as you heard" |
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- ³Êµµ ¾Ë´Ù½ÃÇÇ ³»ÀÏÀÌ ¸¶À̾ßÀÇ »ýÀÏÀ̾ß.
=> As you know, tomorrow is Maya's birthday.
- ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼µµ ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ ¿äÁò °Å¸®°¡ º¹ÀâÇØ¿ä.
=> As you (HON.) know, the streets are crowded these days.
- ³Êµµ º¸´Ù½ÃÇÇ ¿©±â´Â ÀÇÀÚ°¡ ¾øÁö ¾Ê´Ï.
=> As you can see, there are no chairs here.
- ³Êµµ µé¾ú´Ù½ÃÇÇ ¿¡¸¯ÀÌ ³»ÀÏ ¿Â´ë.
=> As you heard, (they say) Eric is coming tomorrow.
Note that when -´Ù½ÃÇÇ is used with -ÇÏ´Ù, the -´Ù½ÃÇÇÇÏ´Ù expression has the idiomatic meaning of "almost" or "nearly."
- ¿À´Ã ¹Ùºü¼ ±¾´Ù½ÃÇÇ Çß¾î.
=> I was so busy today I almost starved.
- ´ÊÀ»±îºÁ Çб³±îÁö ¶Ù´Ù½ÃÇÇ ÇØ¼ °¬¾î.
=> Afraid that I might be late, I almost ran all the way to school.
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5. |
¾î¶»°Ô µË´Ï±î? or ¾î¶»°Ô µÇÁö¿ä?
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=> "how is . . . ?," "what is . . . ?"
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¾î¶»°Ô and ¹«¾ù are generally translated as "how" and "what" in English, but they do not always correspond to their respective translations.
- ¼ºÇÔÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ¼¼¿ä?
=> What is your name? (HON.)
- ¿À´Ã ȯÀ²Àº ¾î¶»°Ô µÇÁö¿ä?
=> What is today's exchange rate?
- ÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â °¡°ÝÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇÁö¿ä? (or ¾ó¸¶³ª ÇÏÁö¿ä? ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏÁö¿ä?)
=> How much is this computer?
- ¿À´Ã ¹Ì±¹Çà ºñÇà±â ½ºÄÉÁÙÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ³ª¿ä?
=> What's today's airplane schedule to America like?
- ¾Æ¹ö´ÔÀº ¿¬¼¼°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ¼¼¿ä?
=> How old is your father?
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6. |
V. + ±â¸¸ Çϸé
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=> "whenever," "every time," "only if"
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This connective has two meanings. One indicates that "whenever" one does something, something else invariably happens; it is similar to -¤©/À» ¶§¸¶´Ù. The other indicates the conditional "only if."
a. "whenever"
- Ä£±¸´Â ¼úÀ» ¸¶½Ã±â¸¸ Çϸé Á¹¾Æ¿ä.
=> Whenever he drinks, my friend falls asleep.
- ³ª´Â Â÷¸¦ Ÿ±â¸¸ Çϸé ÀáÀÌ ¿Í¿ä.
=> Whenever I am in a car, I get sleepy.
b. "only if"
- µ·À» ¹ú±â¸¸ Çϸé ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ Çϳª »ì °Å¾ß.
=> Only if I make money will I buy a computer.
- ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¿ë·®À» ´Ã¸®±â¸¸ Çϸé ÇÑ±Û ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
=> Only if I add more memory to the computer can I use the Korean software.