This course examines the literary and artistic evidence for the ways that the Romans conceived of their system of government between Julius Caesar and Theodosius. Readings include select works of Caesar, Suetonius, Cassius Dio, Tacitus, Marcus Aurelius, Eusebius (Life of Constantine), speeches in praise of emperors (Pliny's Panegyric and select speeches from the Latin Panegyrics), Ammianus Marcellinus, and some of the writings of the emperor Julian, including his Caesars and his Letter to the Athenians. Since the essential issue in this course is how the most successful super power in the ancient world worked (and where it failed), the topic is relevant to any students interested in how great powers work.