This course will explore varieties of political thought from its origins in the early distinction between nature and convention in ancient Athens to the emerging problem of political obligation at the end of the sixteenth century in Europe. As we develop an understanding of the various theories and how they build on or reject previous views, we will consider how fundamental assumptions concerning Nature, the basis of knowledge (epistemology), the existence of God, the status of the individual lie at the foundation of any coherent political theory concerned with problems of justice, equality, and the best political regime.