There are many ways to participate in civic life, but digital technologies have made some modes of participation more effective than they once were. The conceptualization and effectiveness of political participation have evolved over time, and across cultures, especially when it comes to political expression, discussion, and consumerism. This course will focus on the role of digital media in participation—covering topics such as the influence of advocacy organizations, hashtag activism, boycotts and buycotts, information sharing, and political discussion, among others—and examine how expressive participation can impact democratic outcomes, as well as its limitations.