Courses in History (Division 390) History 110. Medieval, Renaissance, and Reformation Europe. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). Survey of European history from the end of the Roman Empire through the 17th century. The creation of European medieval society out of its Roman, Christian, and German components and its evolution through the political and scientific revolutions of the seventeenth century. History 111. Modern Europe. Hist. 110 is recommended as prerequisite. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A continuation of History 110 to the present. The changes in traditional European society through nationalism, industrialization, and the variant visions of democracy. Both terms attempt to coordinate broad generalizations with specific source readings. History 121/Asian Studies 121. East Asia: Early Transformations. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). Introduces the histories, cultures, and societies of East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea from the archaeological phases through early modern times, ca 1700. It emphasizes social transformation that was made possible through international exchanges of knowledge and goods, technological innovations and adaptations, literacy and thoughts. History 122/Asian Studies 122. Modern Transformation of East Asia. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). An interdisciplinary analysis of the impact of the modern world on the traditional cultures of China, Japan, Korea, and related areas and the consequent transformation of the societies of these countries, with an examination of the differing responses of Japan and China to the modern challenge. History 132/AAPTIS 100/ACABS 100/HJCS 100. Peoples of the Middle East. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). An introductory course on the diversity of peoples, cultures, economies, and politics of the Middle East. Topics include religion (Judaism, Islam, Christianity), cities and nomads, women in the Middle East, economic change, social and political systems, and the world's first civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. History 141/Chinese 150/Asian Studies 151. Chinese Civilization. No knowledge of Chinese required. (3). (HU). May be repeated for a total of six credits. An exploration of the patterns of traditional Chinese culture, philosophy, literature, and institutions in their changing historical social contexts. Some attention is given to China's modern transformations, characteristics, and problems. Lectures, readings, and discussions. History 142/Japanese 150/Asian Studies 152. Introduction to Japanese Civilization. A knowledge of Japanese is not required. (4). (HU). Designed primarily for freshmen and sophomores, the course focuses on a few recurrent concerns in the Japanese tradition from the earliest times to the present. Topics to be considered include man and nature, language and culture, the individual and the state, men and women, and death and transcendence. Readings in mythology and representative works of the literature and religious texts, lectures, discussions, and short papers. History 144(249)/Korean 150/Asian Studies 154. Introduction to Korean Civilization. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). Survey of civilization on the Korean peninsula from its beginnings in prehistory to the mid-twentieth century (Korean War). History 151/Asian Studies 111. Indian Civilization. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). A lecture survey of the civilization of India and its neighboring countries – Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka – from earliest times to the present. History 152/Asian Studies 112. Southeast Asian Civilization. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A lecture survey of the civilization of Southeast Asia – both the Indo-China peninsula and the islands from Indonesia to the Philippines – from earliest times to the present. History 160. United States to 1865. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A history of the American people, their domestic institutions, and their relations with foreign nations, before the American Civil War. History 161. United States, 1865 to the Present. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A history of the American people, their domestic institutions, and their relations with foreign nations, from the end of the Civil War to the present day. History 170/Amer. Cult. 170/WS 210. New Worlds: Colonialism and Cultural Encounters. First-year students only. (4). (Introductory Composition). A multidisciplinary, cross-cultural lecture/discussion course in which "new worlds" is explored over the span of several centuries and geographical regions. The discussion section functions as a "mini-course" within the larger course dealing with more specifically-defined but related topics. History 171/German 171. Coming to Terms with Germany. (4). (HU). An interdisciplinary course on German history and culture, beginning with the present and working backwards to unification under Bismark. We consider not only social and political history, but also the philosophy, literature, art, music, and culture of "everyday life" generally. History 195. The Writing of History. (4). (Introductory Composition). This course may not be included in a history concentration. Each section of this course studies a different era and topic in the past. Students read the work of modern historians, documents, and other source materials from the past. The goal is to learn how to construct effective arguments, and how to write college-level papers. History 196. First-Year Seminar. Only first-year students, including those with sophomore standing, may pre-register for First-Year Seminars. All others need permission of instructor. (3). (SS). A basic introduction to historical thinking and method through small-course seminar experience. Topics vary from term to term; however, no matter what the topic, students can expect to spend a great deal of time learning to think critically about historical questions and to write well. As such, the Freshman seminar should serve as an introduction to upper-level course work in history and related fields of study. History 197. First-Year Seminar. Only first-year students, including those with sophomore standing, may pre-register for First-Year Seminars. All others need permission of instructor. (3). (HU). A basic introduction to historical thinking and method through small-course seminar experience. Topics vary from term to term; however, no matter what the topic, students can expect to spend a great deal of time learning to think critically about historical questions and to write well. As such, the Freshman seminar should serve as an introduction to upper-level course work in history and related fields of study. History 200. Greece to 201 B.C. (4). (HU). Presents a survey of the history of ancient Greece and of contacts between Greece and other ancient societies, especially those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia, from the Bronze Age to 201 B.C. No special background is required. Emphasis is on the critical use of sources (read in translation) to argue about broad historical questions. History 201. Rome. (4). (HU). A history of the political, economic, and cultural development and decline of Roman civilization. History 210/MEMS 210. Early Middle Ages, 300-1100. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). The decline of Rome and the rise of Germanic monarchy, the Carolingian and Ottonian Empires, the growth of feudalism, and monasticism and papal reform. The emphasis is on the political and institutional development of Western European society and its relations with Byzantium and Islam. History 211/MEMS 211. Later Middle Ages, 1100-1500. (4). (SS). A survey of political, economic, religious, and intellectual developments within western Christendom. Special emphasis is on the main currents of medieval thought. History 218. The Vietnam War, 1945-1975. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A survey of the war in Vietnam and in the other countries of Indochina (Laos and Cambodia) from the August Revolution of 1945 to the final fall/liberation of Saigon in 1975. Although the primary emphasis is on events in Indochina itself, the origin and evolution of the United States involvement in the war are also be considered, as is the impact of the war on American society. Readings range from analyses of grand strategy to memoirs of infantrymen in the field. History 220. Survey of British History to 1688. (British History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). A survey of the major political, social, and intellectual developments in British history to 1688. History 221. Survey of British History from 1688. (British History) (4). (SS). A survey of the major political, social, and intellectual developments in British history from 1688. History 225. Europe and the New World. (4; 3 in the half term). (Excl). The first European observers of America saw a world populated alternatively by savages or by angels, they saw people apparently without laws, religion, rulers, or indeed clothes. This course sets out to explore the social and intellectual world(s) of those who first came to the Americas. It follows these explorers, conquerors and chroniclers on their journeys from the Old World to the New. History 229/Anthro. 226. Introduction to Historical Anthropology. Anthropology 101. (4). (SS). This course looks at differences and similarities in the ways in which people in different societies in the world think about history, use the past and assign meaning to past events. Chronological stories about important events may define history for some people, but it is not how history is understood everywhere in the world. We look at different "technologies" of personal and social memory – from smells to tastes, from folktales to movies, from personal memoirs to museums and ask what different tools tells us about the power of the past and the invention of traditions in different parts of the world. History 241. War and Society in the Modern Middle East. (4). (SS). Covers the history of warfare since the 18th century from Algeria to Afghanistan. Examines imperial warfare and statemaking through Muhammad Ali Pasha (d. 1848), then the colonial wars of France, Great Britain, and Russia; the two world wars; and the subsequent Arab-Israeli, Gulf, and Afghanistan conflicts. History 250. China from the Oracle Bones to the Opium War. (3). (HU). The political, social, economic, and intellectual institutions and traditions of China up to the time of the coming of the Europeans. History 255. Gandhi's India. History 151 recommended. (4; 3 in the half-term). (Excl). This course considers the life and times of Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian nationalist leader who both mobilized mass resistance to British colonial rule and fashioned a political program premised on non-violent civil disobedience. In addition to reading works by and about Gandhi, the course involves a detailed examination of the history of Indian nationalism, the myriad effects of colonial rule, and the reconstruction of a vision of Indian civilization in the context of colonial and postcolonial modernity. History 260/Amer. Cult. 260. Religion in America. (U.S. History) Hist. 160 and 161 are recommended but not required. (3). (HU). An introduction to the historical study of religion in America, from the early seventeenth century to the present. Emphasis falls on broad movements of people and ideas rather than denominational histories. History 263. Discovering America: Atlantic History I, 1492-1607. (4). (Excl). An introduction to the formation of the early "Atlantic world." Comparing Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English encounters with the Americas, it highlights themes common to European, African and Indian histories: the exploring, mixing and settling of peoples, the emergence of commercial systems and a balance of power; the exchange of knowledge. History 265. A History of the University of Michigan. (U.S. History) (4). (HU). A survey of the history of The University of Michigan, from its founding in 1817/37 to the present, with particular attention to topical issues that are important to the development of education in the U.S. History 266(366). Twentieth-Century American Wars as Social and Personal Experience. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). An examination of America's wars of the past eighty years, with emphasis on changing patterns of society's mobilization for war and of the individual's experience of combat. History 274/AAS 230. Survey of Afro-American History I. (U.S. History) AAS 111. (3). (SS). A survey of the events, patterns, ideologies, and cosmologies in Black history from the sixteenth century in West Africa to the end of the American Civil War. History 275/AAS 231. Survey of Afro-American History, II. (U.S. History) AAS 111. (3). (SS). Continuation of History 274. 1865 to present. History 281. Comparative Study in History and Culture. (3). (Excl). An experimental course which explore comparatively the varieties of mankind's cultures in various historical settings. History 283. Survey of the History of Science. (3). (HU). An introductory survey of natural philosophy and scientific ideas from antiquity to about 1700, including Greek contributions, the transmission of science through Islam, medieval developments, and the scientific revolution. History 284. Sickness and Health in Society: 1492 to the Present. First-year students must obtain permission of the instructor. (3). (SS). This course examines the social and medical factors responsible for sickness and health; and the impact of disease upon society and the medical profession. History 285. Science, Technology, and Society: 1940 to the Present. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). A survey of the development of science and technology following WW II and the policy decisions that have been made regarding their use and regulation. History 286/Rel. 286. A History of Eastern Christianity from the 4th to the 18th Century. (3). (HU). A church history course for undergraduates that surveys the histories of the Greek, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Russian churches in detail, from their respective conversions into the eighteenth century. History 287/Armenian 287. Armenian History from Prehistoric Times to the Present. (3). (Excl). Explores the social and intellectual history of the Armenian people from their origins as a nation to the present day. Emphasis is placed on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the revolutionary movement, the establishment of an independent, then Soviet, and again independent Republic, and the cultural achievements of the Armenians in the last two centuries. History 301. Discovery of the Universe. (3). (Excl). History 301 surveys the ways and means by which men and women have learned about the nature of the stellar and galactic systems from the early modern period to the growth of radio astronomy. Course materials come from writings by scientists as well as modern studies of the history of the physical sciences and the growth of “big” science. This course covers developments in astronomical research in Europe (mostly in theory) and the Americas (mostly in observation). History 306/ACABS 321/Rel. 358. Israel Before the Exile (587 BCE): Its History & Religion. (3). (HU). Traces the cultural history of Ancient Israel as seen within the larger histories of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Syria of the late 2nd and mid 1st millennia (1200-600 BCE). History 307/ACABS 322/Rel. 359. History and Religion of Ancient Judaism. May be elected independently of Hist. 306. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). Covers the history and religion of Ancient Judaism from the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE) to the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism (3rd century CE). History 308/Rel. 308. The Christian Tradition in the West from New Testament to Early Reformation. (4). (Excl). A survey of the doctrine, institutions, political involvement, and culture of western Christianity and Apostolic times to the first phases of the Lutheran Reformation. History 309/Rel. 309. The Christian Tradition in the West from Luther and Calvin to the Present. (4). (Excl). A survey of Christian culture, institutions, and political involvement from the breakup of the medieval church during the Reformation through the various crises brought on by the modernization of the West from the Age of Reason to the 20th century. History 312(377)/Amer. Cult. 312. History of Latinos in the U.S. (U.S. History) No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in History 377. (3). (Excl). (R&E). This course is an exploration of the history and culture of Latinos in the U.S. from the colonial era to the present. The diversity among groups that make up the Latino population of the U.S. is examined. History 318. Europe in the Era of Total War, 1870-1945. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). In 1945 the most destructive period in European history ended. This course explores the era of the world wars, with special emphasis on industrialization, imperialism, and political ideology. We also see how everyday life was transformed as people came to perceive class and gender in new ways. History 319. Europe Since 1945. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). Europe since the Second World War: the postwar recovery, the impact of the Cold War and the movement toward economic integration, east and west, and the changing relationship between Europe and the Third World. History 320. Britain, 1901-1945: Culture and Politics. (British History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (Excl). Examines British culture and politics from the death of Queen Victoria through the second world war. History 321. Postwar Britain. (British History) Hist. 221 is recommended. (3). (Excl). Britain from the Great Depression through World War II, the Cold War, the social and political challenges of the 1960s, the Conservative resurgence of the late 1970s, the Falklands War, and the fall of Margaret Thatcher. History 324/Anthro. 334. Anthropology of Time & Space. At least one course in anthropology. (3). (SS). This course examines how time and space have been perceived, experienced, and created in different societies, including our own, past & present. Examples include calendrical systems of the ancient Maya and Inca indigenous peoples, spatial concepts of Western Apaches, the development of clocks and time discipline in Western Europe, and the instantaneous space-times of the computer society. History 332/REES 395/Poli. Sci. 395/Slavic 395/Soc. 392. Survey of Russia: The Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Successor States. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). Laboratory fee ($10) required. An interdisciplinary survey of the history, politics, government, economy, social institutions, literature, and arts of the Soviet Union and its successor states and their relations with the rest of the world. Lectures and discussion. History 333/REES 396/Poli. Sci. 396/Slavic 396/Soc. 393. Survey of East Central Europe. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in REES 397. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). Laboratory fee ($10) required. An interdisciplinary survey of the people, history, politics, government, economy, social institutions, literature, and arts of the communist and post-communist states of Eastern Europe and their relations with the rest of the world. Lectures and discussions. History 334/MENAS 334/AAPTIS 364. Selected Topics in Near and Middle Eastern Studies. (3). (Excl). This course consists of a series of lectures creating themes in some crucial aspect of Near and Middle East from the third millennium to the present. It consists of a weekly lecture and a discussion section. History 336/AAS 336/WS 336. Black Women in America. (U.S. History) AAS 201 recommended. (3). (SS). This course examines the condition of Black women in America from an historical and contemporary perspective. The main theme of the course is the peculiarity of the social, economic, and political situation of black women in comparison to African American males and white American males and females. History 346/NR&E 356. Environmental History and the Tropical World. (3). (Excl). Primary objective is to analyze the history of change in the natural resources endowments of the developing world, as those resources have come under intensive exploitation over the past two centuries, especially by the colonial regimes and capitalistic economies of the industrial "North". We concentrate on three subject areas: the depletion of tropical forests, the transformation of savanna lands, and the degradation of mountain systems. History 350/Great Books 350/Amer. Cult. 360. Debates of the Founding Fathers. (U.S. History) Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. (3). (Excl). Explores the writings of the founding generation of the American Republic. History 355/AAS 355. Health and Illness in African Worlds. AAS 200 recommended. (4). (Excl). Changes in disease, epidemiology, and health and healing practices in African continental and Atlantic worlds from the fifteenth century, as Africans encountered new forms of medicine, slavery, colonialism, epidemic, famine, and war. Designed for concentrators in History and Afroamerican and African Studies and/or students seeking careers in medicine, public health, and medical anthropology. History 359. Visions of the Past. (3). (Excl). The various arts have long been used to create historical understanding; indeed, historians. They not only tell us what to think about the past, but create our sense of how the past itself is structured. This course examines these issues. History 361. U.S. Intellectual History, 1750-1940. (U.S. History) (3). (Excl). America, one historian has remarked, is a nation of words. In this lecture course we examine some of the words and concepts that have been central within American culture from pre-colonial times to the present and how they have been articulated, debated, instantiated, and used at a variety of times and by a variety of people. History 362/WS 362. Women, Men and Nations: How Is Nationalism Gendered? (3). (Excl). This course explores the gendering of modern political identity in the complex interrelationship between 'nation' and 'citizenship' in Europe and North America during the 19th and 20th centuries. The social histories of race and ethnicity, family, welfare, popular culture, and militarism, are all dealt with. History 363. U.S. Foreign Policy and International Politics Since World War II. (U.S. History) (4). (Excl). Examines the conflict and cooperation of the U.S. with other states in the Cold War, deconolonization, and regional crises. It also analyzes how non-state actors, new technologies, and global markets are transforming the international system. Readings include original documents and differing interpretations from America and abroad. History 365/AAS 334/Amer. Cult. 336. Popular Culture in Contemporary Black America. (U.S. History) AAS 201 recommended. (3). (HU). Through an examination of popular culture, this course critically reassesses the relationship between Black politics and cultural forms emerging from within African-American communities, the commodification of those forms, and representation of Black images in mass media. Beginning with post war jazz, we explore the African-American roots of rock and roll, the development of blaxploitation films, and the shifting, ideological meaning of hair and dress styles. History 366. American Science and American Culture. (U.S. History) (3). (Excl). The purpose of this course is to provide a general overview of the place of science within American culture from its beginnings until the second world war. History 368/Amer. Cult. 342/WS 360. History of the Family in the U.S. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). An interdisciplinary course providing perspective on the contemporary family by studying its historical development. The course includes consideration of changing gender roles; sexuality; childrearing; work patterns; race, ethnicity and class; the changing role of state in family relations. History 370/WS 370. Women in American History to 1870. (U.S. History) (3). (Excl). This course is an introduction to the history of American women--as a group, as individuals, and as members of different classes, races, religions, and ethnic communities. Using "work" as an organizing concept, it focuses particularly on the significance of gender in determining women's experience from the colonial period to 1870. History 371/WS 371. Women in American History Since 1870. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (Excl). A survey of the history of women in the United States since 1870. History 372/WS 372. Women in European History, 1750 to the Present. (3). (Excl). A survey of the social, economic, and political roles of women in European history and the main currents of thought about women. The course explores the relationship of specific roles and thoughts to the broader social structures and ideologies of national societies. History 373/Amer. Cult. 373. History of the U.S. West. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). This course examines both the "place" and the "process" of the history of the U.S. West, a shifting region of the Native North America that was the object first of the Spanish, French and English imperial designs, then of U.S. expansionism, and finally a region with peculiarities to the federal government, distinctive patterns of race relations, and a unique place in American cultural memory. History 374/Amer. Cult. 374. The Politics and Culture of the "Sixties." (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). This course explores the era of the Sixties using a variety of methodologies and disciplinary approaches. History 375/WS 375. A History of Witchcraft: The 1692 Salem Trials in Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspective. (U.S. History) (4). (HU). This course focuses on a single historical event, the Salem Witchcraft outbreak of 1692. It explores "what happened" during this highly dramatic episode in early American history, where Salem fits in the larger history of witchcraft in Europe and its American colonies, and why it continues to have such a powerful hold on the popular and scholarly imagination. History 377/Amer. Cult. 315. History of Latinos in the U.S. (U.S. History) No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in History 312. (4). (Excl). This course is an exploration of the history and culture of Latinos in the U.S. from the colonial era to the present. The diversity among groups that make up the Latino population of the U.S. is examined. History 378/Amer. Cult. 314. History of Asian Americans in the U.S. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (Excl). Examines the nature of American Culture and society through a specific study of Asian/Pacific Americans. The course provides a survey of the experience of Asian immigrants and Pacific Islanders and their citizen descendants in the U.S. from the late eighteenth century to the present. History 379/RC Soc. Sci. 379. History of Computers and Networks. (U.S. History) Junior standing. Familiarity with computer concepts helpful but not required. (4). (SS). Development, use, and impact of computers from the ancient world to the present. Focus on social, political, and cultural context of post-1939 digital computers and computer networks. Relevant to anyone interested in the history, politics, and culture of technology. Nontechnical. History 381. History of the Jews from the Muslim Conquests to the Spanish Expulsion. (3). (Excl). This course surveys major trends in medieval Jewish society under Islam and western Christendom respectively. Broadly, the course falls into three parts: the Jews of the Muslim world in the Geonic period, the rise and decline of Spanish Jewry, and the rise and decline of the Jews of northern Europe. History 382. History of the Jews from the Spanish Expulsion to the Eve of Enlightenment. (3). (Excl). A survey of major trends in Jewish society from the break-up of the medieval world to the emergence of a new order in 18th century Europe. Within Jewish society, the unifying theme is the emergence and spread of Lurianic Kabbalah, culminating in the Sabbatian movement and the rise of Hasidism in Poland. The course falls into three general parts. History 383. Modern Jewish History to 1880. (3). (Excl). This course is focused around a series of themes including the Jew in transition between the ghetto and emancipation, demographic changes, organization of the autonomous Jewish community, the beginnings of Hasidism, and the French Revolution and emancipation. Religious and secular responses to emancipation and the development of modern anti-Semitism are discussed. History 384. Modern Jewish History 1880-1948. (3). (Excl). This course is focused around a series of themes including socialism and the varieties of Jewish nationalism, Jewish life in Eastern Europe, Zionism, the Mandate for Palestine, the Nazi genocide, Jews in Russia and Palestine, and the rise of the state of Israel. History 386. The Holocaust. (4). (Excl). This course examines the destruction of European Jewry (1933-1945), its causes and effects. Major themes include the resurgence of political and racial anti-Semitism in the nineteenth century, European Jewry in the period before World War II, the rise of the Nazis to power and the response of European society and European Jewry, the "final solution," and the literature of the Holocaust. History 391. Topics in European History. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in European History on an experimental, one-time basis. History 392. Topics in Asian and African History. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in Asian and African History on an experimental, one-time basis. History 393. Topics in U.S. and Latin American History. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in U.S. and Latin American History on an experimental, one-time basis. History 394. Reading Course. Open only to history concentrators by written permission of instructor. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (1-4; 1-3 in the half-term). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for credit only with permission of the Associate Chairman. Individual reading program under the direction of a staff member. History 395. Reading Course. Open only to history concentrators by written permission of instructor. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (1-4; 1-3 in the half-term). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for credit only with permission of the Associate Chairman. Individual reading program under the direction of a staff member. History 396. History Colloquium. History concentrators are required to elect Hist. 396 or 397. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits. Intensive examination of historical problems of limited scope either as delimited historical events (e.g., the French Revolution) as single analytical themes developed over time (e.g., urbanization in America), or as problems in the philosophy of history (e.g., objectivity, determinism). Classes of twenty students or less are designed to exploit an educational setting unlike that of the large lecture course. Major stress on critical reading and class discussion. History 396 contains colloquia which meet the ECB Upper-Level Writing Requirement. History 397. History Colloquium. History concentrators are required to elect Hist. 396 or 397. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits. Intensive examination of historical problems of limited scope either as delimited historical events (e.g., the French Revolution) as single analytical themes developed over time (e.g., urbanization in America), or as problems in the philosophy of history (e.g., objectivity, determinism). Classes of twenty students or less are designed to exploit an educational setting unlike that of the large lecture course. Major stress on critical reading and class discussion. History 398. Honors Colloquium, Junior. Honors students and junior standing. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (4; 3 in the half-term). (Excl). Studies in historical philosophy and in the history of historical writing. Readings, reports, and discussions related to the senior thesis project. History 399. Honors Colloquium, Senior. Honors student, Hist. 398, and senior standing. Only 12 credits of History 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, and 399 may be counted toward a concentration plan in history. (1-6). (Excl). May be repeated for a total of six credits. This course is a workshop for thesis writers. It concentrates on practical and theoretical problems of research and writing with special reference to methodological questions. History 400. Problems in Greek History I. (3). (Excl). Political and cultural history of Greece. Topics vary for each term. History 401. Problems in Greek History II. (3). (Excl). This course deals with Athenian civilization, the age of Alexander, etc. Specific topics vary for each term. History 402. Problems in Roman History I. (3). (Excl). The growth and development of the Roman state to the death of Julius Caesar. Special topics, each term. History 403. Problems in Roman History II. (3). (Excl). An intensive examination of Roman institutions and ideas from Augustus to Septimus Severus. Specific problems are studied through assigned readings. History 408. Byzantine Empire, 284-867. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). History of the Byzantine Empire from Constantine the Great to the end of the Amorian Dynasty. Political, cultural, and religious relations with the civilizations of Rome, the medieval West, the Slavs, and the Near East are stressed. History 409. Byzantine Empire, 867-1453. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). History of the Byzantine Empire from Basil I to the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks. Political, cultural, and religious relations with Western Europe, the Slavs, and the Near East are stressed. History 412/MEMS 414. Social and Intellectual History of the Florentine Renaissance. (3). (Excl). A consideration of leading cultural and intellectual features of Florentine life based upon an analysis of the changing social, economic, and political character of the city and environs from the thirteenth to the sixteenth century. Special attention is given to problems of demography, immigration, structure of family life, business and guild organization, as well as to government regulation and finance. History 414/MEMS 428. Northern Renaissance and Reformation. (3). (Excl). Religion, philosophy and political thought from the decline of Conciliarism to the end of the Reformation. History 416/German 401. Nineteenth-Century German and European Thought. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). Between the upheavals of the French Revolution and the First World War, the European nations witnessed an utter transformation of their world. The relations of the person to the nation, to the state, to history, and to the physical world were rethought from top to bottom. Our exploration of modern ideas take us from rationalism to racism, and from utopian ideologies to the birth of psychoanalysis. History 417/German 402. Twentieth-Century German and European Thought. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). This course presents a survey of the principal European intellectual movements of the twentieth century. We examine the interplay of political and cultural movements, and pay consistent attention to the difficulty of self-definition of the intellectual within rapidly changing social and cultural contexts. Socialism, Liberalism, Fascism, Surrealism, Existentialism, Cultural Marxism, Structuralism, Feminism, and Post-structuralism. History 419. Twentieth-Century Germany. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in History 420. (3). (SS). The achievement of unity in the imperial structure; the impact of World War I on German society; the Weimar Republic and the problems of the republican era; and the collapse of liberalism and the authoritarian state through World War II. History 420. Modern Germany. No credit for those who have completed or are enrolled in History 418 or 419. (3). (SS). This course provides a survey of the history of Germany during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (with the specific time period to be determined by the instructor). It also introduces students to the major historiographical debates and controversies in modern German history, in particular those about the continuities and ruptures in German history during this period. History 427(508). Magic, Religion, and Science in Early Modern England. (British History) Hist. 220 and junior standing are recommended. (3). (Excl). The course explores the changing relationships among the three most important systems of thought in early modern England: magic, religion, and science. History 429. Discovery. (3). (Excl). The history and literature of exploration and discovery from the Middle Ages to the present as well as the art and literature of travel. History 430. History of the Balkans from the Sixth Century to 1878. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). The course treats the region now comprising Bulgaria, ex-Yugoslavia, Greece and Albania from the Slavic migrations (6th and 7th century) to roughly 1878. It treats demographic changes, the creation of medieval states (Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia), Christianization, Balkan heresies, relations with Byzantium, the Ottoman conquest, Balkans under Ottoman rule, and the 19th century independence movements. History 431. History of the Balkans Since 1878. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). The course treats the region now comprising Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania from roughly 1800 to the present. It stresses the various peoples' struggle for independence from Ottomans and Hapsburgs, the development of nationalism, the crisis of 1875-78, Macedonia, the Balkan wars, World War I, creation of Yugoslavia, inter-war problems, World War II and resistance movements, Tito's Yugoslavia. History 432. Medieval and Early Modern Russia. (3). (Excl). History of Russia from prehistoric origins to the beginning of the eighteenth century. History 433. Imperial Russia. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). History of Imperial Russia from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the revolution, with emphasis on the problems of modernization, political institutions, economic development, and the revolutionary movement. History 434. History of the Soviet Union. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). History of the political, social, economic, and intellectual forms of Bolshevism as they developed in prerevolutionary Russian society, and as they applied in domestic and foreign policies after 1917. History 438. Eastern Europe from 1500 to 1900. (3). (Excl). The history of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth and a survey of the history of the Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, and the Baltic peoples. History 439. Eastern Europe Since 1900. (3). (Excl). A survey of political, social, and cultural conditions and aspirations of the non-Russians under the Romanovs and of the Czechs, Poles, Rumanians, Slovaks, and the Ukrainians under the Habsburgs. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and the Baltic states after 1918. History 440/ACABS 413/Anthro. 442. Ancient Mesopotamia: History and Culture. Junior standing. (4; 3 in the half-term). (HU). Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilization from the first cuneiform documents to the fall of the Neo-Babylonian empire; special attention to (1) the rise and nature of early Mesopotamian city-states; (2) Mesopotamian economics; (3) Mesopotamian law; (4) ethnic relations in Mesopotamia; (5) Mesopotamia and its neighbors – Egypt, Iran, Israel; (6) the collapse of Mesopotamian civilization. History 441/AAPTIS 470. The Islamic West: al-Andalus and the Magrib, 600-1500. Hist. 442. (3). (Excl). Introduction to the history of Muslim Spain and North Africa, also including Muslim Sicily, from the Islamic conquests until the end of the Muslim political presence in Spain. Emphasis is on political, economic and cultural history, as we view the region's ties with the rest of the Islamic world as well as with other regions. History 442/AAPTIS 461. The First Millennium of the Islamic Near East. Junior standing. (3). (Excl). A survey of the history and culture of the Islamic Near East from the era of Muhammad through establishment of the Ottoman and Safavid empires in the 16th century. This course is the first half of a two-course sequence surveying the history of the Islamic Near East. History 443/AAPTIS 487. Modern Middle East History. (3). (Excl). Impact of the West on the Islamic Near East in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Emphasis is on the modernization of the Ottoman Empire and Republican Turkey and Egypt, the rise of the Arab and Zionist nationalisms and the subsequent Arab-Israeli dispute, and inter-Arab and international rivalries to the present. History 446/AAS 446. Africa to 1850. AAS 200 recommended. (3). (SS). The course is an introduction to the peoples and cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa. It begins with a survey of the origins of man and early African civilizations and concludes with the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. History 448/AAS 448. Africa Since 1850. AAS 200 recommended. (3). (SS). (R&E). This is the second part of a two-course introduction to central themes in Sub-Saharan African history. It deals with the abolition of the slave trade, European imperialism, underdevelopment, nationalism and de-colonialization. History 449. Topics in Middle Eastern History. (3). (Excl). This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in Middle Eastern History. History 450. Japan to 1700. (3). (Excl). A general introduction to the historical development of the Japanese people. Emphasis is given to the internal political, social, economic, and religious aspects of this development up to the end of the eighteenth century, when the Tokugawa hegemony was threatened by external forces. History 451. Japan Since 1700. (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). An analysis of the forces which led to Japan's modernization and a survey of Japan's recent rise as a world power. Special emphasis is placed on the internal changes which culminated in the opening of Japan to the West and in the Meiji Restoration and the major internal changes culminating in World War II. History 453. Modern Southeast Asian History. (3). (Excl). The evolution of Southeast Asian independence, tracing the growth of western concepts as they influenced native leaders who sought to integrate such ideas as nationalism, democracy, and communism within their respective societies. Special attention is paid to the catalytic effect of the Japanese occupation. History 454. The Formation of Indian Civilization to 320 A.D. (3). (Excl). From the Indus Valley civilization to the establishment of the Gupta Empire, the formation of ancient India culture. History 455. Classical India and the Coming of Islam 320-1526 A.D. (3). (Excl). From the Gupta Empire to the establishment of the Mughal Empire, the maturity and decline of ancient Indian culture, the coming of Islam, and the Hindu kingdom of the South. History 456. Mughal India. (3). (Excl). Islamic world in 1500. Struggle for Mughal supremacy in India, Akbar's creation of an imperial system, the nobility, agricultural economy and international trade, religious experimentation, court culture, peasant revolt, and the new political systems of the eighteenth century. History 457. History of India, 1750-1900. (3). (Excl). The establishment of company rule in India and the transfer to the British Crown. Development of new population centers, transportation networks, and regional elites. History 460. American Colonial History to 1776. (U.S. History) History 160, or a similar survey course in early American history, is strongly recommended thought not required. (3). (SS). A study of emerging institutional and intellectual patterns. History 461. The American Revolution. (U.S. History) (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). An analysis of the causes, consequences, and nature of the American Revolution. History 463. The Origins of the American Civil War, 1830-1860. (U.S. History) (3). (SS). A survey of the political, social, economic, cultural, and intellectual developments which produced the American Civil War. History 466. The United States, 1901-1933. (U.S. History) (4). (SS). An intensive study of the history of the United States from 1901 to the beginning of the New Deal. The topics discussed include the Progressive movement, World War I and its aftermath, the 1920's, and the depression of 1929. History 467. The United States Since 1933. (U.S. History) (4). (SS). An intensive study of the history of the United States since 1933. The topics discussed include the New Deal, World War II, the Cold War, the New Frontier and the Great Society, the war in Vietnam, the Black revolt, women's liberation, and the youth revolt. History 471/WS 470. Gender & Sexuality in India. (3). (Excl). This seminar considers the transformations of gender and sexual relations through time and across regions and social communities in India. The aim of the course is to examine the significance of gender and sexuality as historical constructs for the study of India. History 473/Asian Studies 473/Korean 473. Modern Korea. (3). (Excl). A general introduction to the political and cultural history of modern Korea since 1850. The topics to be examined are: state and society in late Choson; impact of colonialism; nationalist and socialist movements; liberation and partition of Korea; the Korean war; rivalry between North and South Korea; problems of economic development; and the democratic movement in South Korea. History 476/Anthro. 416. Latin America: The Colonial Period. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). The Spanish-Portuguese colonial empires in America to their achievement of independence. History 477. Latin America: The National Period. (4; 3 in the half-term). (SS). National development with stress upon present-day conditions. History 478. Topics in Latin American History. (3). (Excl). Topics in Latin American history are examined; these include colonial administration, independence movements, political and economic systems, slavery, and literary movements. History 479. The Russian Orthodox Church: History, Culture, Politics, 988-Present. (4). (Excl). Traces the history of the Orthodox Church in Russia, from its origins in the ninth century through its current controversial resurgence in post-Soviet Russia. Considers Russian Orthodox Christianity as a particularly Russian variant on the alternate Greek and Western models of Christianity, and explores the ways in which this unique belief system shaped and was shaped by events in Russian history. History 485/German 465/MEMS 475. Marriage and Marital Life in History: Medieval and Early Modern Germany. (3). (Excl). We explore marriage discourse and policies in a culturally well-defined context, the German-speaking countries between ca. 1350 and 1600. By examining the depiction of marriage in major literature of the age as well as in historiography we come to a more complex understanding of what marriage was supposed to be and what it really meant. History 486(509). Social History of Early Modern England. (British History) Hist. 220 and junior standing are recommended. (3). (Excl). The course surveys the social history of England from the later Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution. History 487/Engl. 416/WS 416. Women in Victorian England. (British History) (3; 2 in the half-term). (Excl). Literary and historical sources are used to examine cultural prescriptions regarding the role of women and the actuality of women's lives in Victorian England. Topics to be discussed include women as daughters, wives, and mothers; women as workers, writers, governesses, factory operatives, teachers, and prostitutes; women in reform movements; women's education; and aspects of the nineteenth century women's rights movement. History 491/Econ. 491. The History of the American Economy. (U.S. History) Econ. 101 or 102. (3). (Excl). Covers American economic history from colonial times to the present, emphasizing the causes and consequences of economic growth, business cycles, and issues of economic equity. History 493/Econ. 493. European Economic History. Econ. 101 or 102. (3). (Excl). A survey of European economic history since 1000 A.D., with most emphasis on the determinants of economic growth in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. History 494/Econ. 494. Topics in Economic History. Econ. 101 and 102. (3). (Excl). Study of issues in economic history with emphasis on a particular region of the world, a particular time period, or a topic of current interest. The specific topics vary with the faculty member teaching the course. History 495(444). Medieval Inner Asia. (3). (Excl). History 495 includes the social, political and economic history of the steppe zone from the rise of nomadic enterprises through the Mongols, based upon translated sources and modern historical and anthropological studies. A primary goal is to help students understand the mechanics of nomadic societies and their interaction with agricultural and urban states (e.g., China). History 496(444). Modern Inner Asia. (3). (Excl). This course covers the history of Inner Asia from the Timurids to the emergence of independent states in contemporary Inner Asia (including the frontier provinces of China), based upon translated sources and modern studies. Here the primary goal is to help students understand the decay of nomadic enterprises, the role of religion (Islam, Buddhism) in organizing and urbanizing steppe societies, and the battle for independence in thought, economy and political action. History 497/RC Soc. Sci. 488. Technology, Colonialism, and Development. Permission of instructor. (3). (Excl). This course explores the role of technology in the historical processes of colonialism and development. We pay close attention to the diversity of the historical actors involved in these processes, and focus on the ways in which politically and culturally constructed technologies are involved in the power relationships between different social groups. History 517. History of Ireland Since 1603. (British History) (3). (HU). A political, social, and cultural history of modern Ireland. A survey of issues and events in Ireland under English rule and in resistance to that rule, to the establishment of the Republic of Ireland and the state of Northern Ireland. History 518(MARC 425)/MEMS 425. Jews and Christians in Late Renaissance Italy (1400-1650). Upperclass standing. (3). (Excl). The separate histories of the Church and of Jews in the Italian states provide context for the critical interactions between the two. We examine three main topics: the activities of itinerant preachers in the 1470s, the inquisition of Marranos and Lutheran heretics, and the program of the Catholic Reformation. History 523. France, 1661-1789. (3). (Excl). A history of France, with the emphasis on the interplay of shifting attitudes and social change in preparation for the French Revolution. History 528. Modern Italy, 1815 to the Present. (3). (Excl). The unification of Italy; foreign and domestic problems of the kingdom of Italy, Italy in World War I, fascist Italy in World War II, and the establishment and early years of the Italian Republic. History 531/AAPTIS 587. Studies in Pahlavi and Middle Persian. (3). (Excl). Introduction to the Middle Persian language, and its three major variants and alphabets, the Pahlavi of the Zoroastrian Books, the Middle Persian of the Manichaean writings from Chinese Turkestan, and the Middle Persian of the Sasanian inscriptions. History 535/Armenian 535. Armenia and the Armenians in the 20th Century. Hist. 287 recommended but not required. (3). (Excl). An in-depth investigation of the history of the Armenian people in the last century, especially the period of the massacres in the Ottoman Empire and the rebuilding of Armenian society in the Soviet Union. History 536/AAPTIS 462. The Rise of Islam. Junior standing. (3). (Excl). The Near East and eastern Mediterranean world in late antiquity; Muhammad and the formation of Islam; the early Islamic empire at its heights History 537/AAPTIS 463. The Near East in the Period of the Crusades, 945-1258. Junior standing. (3). (Excl). Fatimids, Seljuks, crusaders, and Mongols. Internal and external forces causing dramatic changes in the religious, economic, and political patterns of the medieval Near Eastern society. History 541/AAPTIS 467/Rel. 467. Shi'ism: The History of Messianism and the Pursuit of Justice in Islamdom. Junior standing. (3). (HU). The course surveys the history of diverse Alid movements from the assassination of Ali (d.661) to the crystallization of Shi'ism into distinct political, legal and theological schools (Twelver, Isma'ili, Zaydi), and ends with the establishment of Twelver Shi'ism as an imperial religion in Safavi Iran (1501-1722). Emphasis on the debate over authority in Islam. History 542. Modern Iran and the Gulf States. (3). (Excl). The history of Iran and the Gulf from 1500: Safavid to Qajar Persian and Pahlevi Iran, the emergence of the Arab Gulf concept and states, regional relations in the Near East and Southeast Asia, international relations, and defense and energy. History 546/AAPTIS 495/WS 471/Rel. 496. Gender and Politics in Early Modern Islam. Students should preferably have had one course in Islamic Studies. (3). (Excl). An introduction to Muslim understandings of gender and gender relations, first, through a study of those sacred texts (Qur'an & Hadith) that came to define the ideal woman and man, as well as their roles and relationships. Then, gender participation in the political and cultural life of the Safavi, Ottoman and Mughal Courts shall be explored to view the interplay between theory and practice. History 550. Imperial China: Ideas, Men, and Society. (3). (HU). Major trends and problem areas in the social and intellectual history of premodern China, with particular emphasis on the evolution of main intellectual currents that influenced the development of social institutions. Special attention is given to subjects generally neglected in Western-language sources. History 551. Social and Intellectual History of Modern China. (3). (Excl). Analysis of such topics as the agrarian basis of Chinese society, the formation of elites, political integration, impact of imperialism, emergence of nationalism, the new intelligentsia and the problem of identity, the role of military power, Marxism-Leninism in China, peasant revolution, and problems of economic development. History 552. Topics in the Early Modern History of Mainland Southeast Asia. (3). (Excl). The course examines the history of Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam from roughly 1400 to 1850, on the eve of European colonial conquest. History 563. Intellectual History of the United States Since 1865. (U.S. History) (3). (Excl). Ideas about man and God, and nature and society which have constituted "the spirit of the age" from the Civil War to the present. History 569/LHC 412 (Business Administration). American Business History. (U.S. History) Junior, senior, or graduate standing. (3). (Excl). A study of the origins, development, and growth of business. The course traces the beginning of business enterprise in Europe and describes business activities during the American colonial, revolutionary, and pre-Civil War period. It then discusses economic aspects of the Civil War; post-Civil War industrial growth, business consolidation, and the anti-trust movement; economic aspects of World War I; business conditions during the 1920's; the effects of the 1929 depression and the New Deal upon business; and economic aspects of World War II and postwar business developments. History 572/Amer. Cult. 533/AAS 533. Black Civil Rights from 1900. (U.S. History) AAS 201 recommended. (3). (Excl). Afroamerican history as reflected in political, economic, cultural, religious, and civil rights protest movements from the 1890's to the 1960's, with a brief introductory review of the post-Reconstruction period beginning with 1877. History 577. History of Brazil. (3). (Excl). The emergence of modern Brazil with emphasis on social, economic, and political history. History 578/LACS 400/AAS 478. Ethnicity and Culture in Latin America. AAS 202 recommended. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for a total of six credits. This course explores various aspects of ethnicity and culture in Latin America and the Caribbean from historical and anthropological perspectives. History 582. History of Criminal Law in England and America. (3). (Excl). Deals with the history of the main ideas and institutions of Anglo-American criminal law from the Middle Ages to the present. It traces the impact of political and social forces upon criminal law and criminal procedure over the period covered. Attention also is given to the effect of the prevailing social philosophy and theories of behavior on the criminal law at critical stages in Anglo-American history. History 590. History Topics Mini-course. (1-2). (Excl). This course is meant to examine a topic, designated by the section title, offered as a mini-course. History 591. Topics in European History. Upper-class standing. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in European History on an experimental, one-time basis. History 592. Topics in Asian History. Upper-class standing. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of Topics in Asian History. History 593. Topics in U.S. History. (U.S. History) Upper-class standing. (3). (Excl). May be elected for credit twice. This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of topics in U.S. History on an experimental, one-time basis. History 595/AAS 595. Topics in African History. AAS 200 recommended. (3). (Excl). This course is meant to examine an aspect, to be designated in the section title, of topics in African history. University of Michigan | College of LS&A | Student Academic Affairs | LS&A Bulletin Index | Department Homepage Queried: 5:56 PM EST on Thu, May 4, 2000 This page maintained by LS&A Academic Information and Publications, 1228 Angell Hall Copyright © 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA +1 734 764-1817 Trademarks of the University of Michigan may not be electronically or otherwise altered or separated from this document or used for any non-University purpose.