110. Learning to Learn. (4). (SS).
Intended for students who wish to improve their skills and strategies for learning and memory. Students with poor preparation for University studies should find this course to be helpful as a background for studying other courses. The content includes Attention, Learning, Memory, and Problem Solving.

111. Introduction to Psychology. Psych. 111 serves, as do Psych. 112 or 113, as a prerequisite for advanced courses in the department and as a prerequisite to concentration. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 112, 113, 114, or 115. (4). (SS). Psych. 111 may not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. Students in Psychology 111 are required to spend five hours outside of class participating as subjects in research projects.
Designed to introduce students to the major topics studied by psychologists including sensation, perception, learning, motivation, physiological and cultural bases of behavior, development, personality, and social psychology.

114. Honors Introduction to Psychology. Open to Honors students; others by permission of instructor. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 111, 112, 113, or 115. (4). (SS). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. Students in Psychology 114 are required to spend five hours outside of class participating as subjects in research projects.
A general introduction to the basic concepts and problems of psychology as a behavioral science.

115. Honors Introduction to Psychology as a Natural Science. Open to Honors students; others by permission of instructor. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 111, 112, 113 or 114. (4). (NS). (BS). Psych. 115 may not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. Students in Psychology 115 are required to spend five hours outside of class participating as subjects in research projects.
Emphasizes those aspects of psychology in which the relevant stimuli are measurable in physical terms. Emphasis on principles of sensation, perception, maturation, learning, motivation, emotion, and the physiological bases of behavior.

116. Introduction to Mind and Brain. May not be used as a prerequisite for or in a concentration plan in Psychology. No credit for those who have completed Psych. 112. (4). (NS).
Designed to introduce non-Psychology students to the relationship between mental functions (mind) and the function of the brain. Topics include discussion of philosophical problems, evolution of brain leading to mind, and specific topics such as learning, memory, language, and sex/gender differences in mind and brain.

120. First-Year Seminar in Psychology as a Social Science. Only first-year students, including those with sophomore standing, may pre-register for First-Year Seminars. All others need permission of instructor. (3). (SS). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. May be repeated for a total of six credits.
A small seminar introducing students to the topics of Psychology and issues which are important to the field of psychology.

121. First-Year Seminar in Psychology as a Natural Science. Only first-year students, including those with sophomore standing, may pre-register for First-Year Seminars. All others need permission of instructor. (3). (NS). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. May be repeated for a total of six credits.
A small seminar introducing students to the topics of Psychology and issues which are important to the field of psychology.

122/Soc. 122. Intergroup Dialogues. Permission of instructor. Intended primarily for first- and second-year students. (2). (Excl). May not be included in a concentration in psychology or sociology. May be repeated for a total of four credits.
Students participate in structured meetings of at least two different social identity groups, discuss readings, and explore each group's experiences in social and institutional contexts. Students examine psychological, historical, and sociological materials which address each group's experiences, and learn about issues facing the groups in contemporary society.

125. Drugs, Culture, and Human Behavior. May not be used as a prerequisite for the psychology concentration. (3). (SS). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology.
An introductory survey of psychoactive drugs and plants, toxins, and other chemicals that alter human behavior, with an emphasis on their use in various cultures.

204. Individual Research. Introductory psychology and permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
Arrangements may be made for adequately prepared students to undertake individual research under the direction of a member of the staff. Students are provided with the proper section number by the staff member with whom the work has been arranged. Students are responsible for properly registering for this course.

206. Tutorial Reading. Introductory psychology and permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). May not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
Arrangements may be made for adequately prepared students to undertake individual plans of study under the direction of a member of the staff. Students are provided with the proper section number by the staff member with whom the work has been arranged. Students are responsible for properly registering for this course.

211. Outreach. Prior or concurrent enrollment in introductory psychology. (1-3). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit. Credits may not be included in a concentration plan in psychology. Two separate sections of Outreach count as an experiential lab for the Psychology concentration; they do not count as a lab for the Psychology as a Natural Science concentration. Laboratory fee ($15) required. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
A variety of projects exhibiting the application of psychological principles in natural settings. Discussions, field work, and a term paper.

255. Patterns of Development. Enrollment in the Inteflex Program. Inteflex students electing a concentration in psychology may use Psych. 255 as the introductory prerequisite. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 350. (4). (Excl).
An introductory study of development, with emphasis on theoretical and methodological issues in the context of such content areas as development of cognition, language, emotions, identity, and relations to others.

301. Teaching or Supervising Laboratory or Fieldwork in Psychology. Permission of instructor. (1-3). (Excl). (TUTORIAL). May not be elected for credit more than once.
Open to departmental undergraduate teaching assistants. Provides an opportunity to take part in the instructional process in areas in which the student has demonstrated prerequisite knowledge and skills. Under staff supervision, students teach and supervise other students in discussions, laboratory, and field work. Students are provided with the proper section number by the staff member with whom the work has been arranged.

302. Special Problems Lab in Psychology/Natural Science. Psychology 330 or 340. (3-4). (Excl). May be used as a lab in the Biopsychology and Cognitive Science concentration with advisor approval.
A study of selected problems in psychology in the natural sciences. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule and Course Guide for specific information about topics and credit in a specific term.

303. Special Problems in Psychology: Advanced Laboratory. One of the following: Psych. 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390. (2-4). (Excl). (BS).
Selected research areas in psychology. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics and credit.

304. Practicum in Teaching and Leading Groups. Introductory psychology. (2-4). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
This class provides instruction and practical experience in teaching or leading a group under the supervision of department faculty. The course extends knowledge of small group behavior and the management and facilitation of small groups and develops the skills and knowledge necessary to an undergraduate teaching assistant in undergraduate classes at the University of Michigan.

305. Practicum in Psychology. Introductory psychology. (1-4). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. Psychology 305 must be taken for at least three credits to count as an experiential lab in the psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
Students participate in a practicum setting as well as classroom lecture and discussion. Includes completion of readings, journals, projects, papers and examinations as required.

306. Project Outreach Group Leading. Introductory psychology, Psychology 211, and permission of instructor. (3). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
This course provides the student with knowledge and practice in teaching undergraduate students involved in community service learning experiences. Students learn how to supervise and evaluate the placement activities of others, and gain essential skills in facilitating small group discussions.

307. Directed Experiences with Children. Introductory psychology and permission of instructor. (3-4). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of 7 credits.
This course is designed to provide students with an opportunity to work with preschool age children in an organized child care setting. The student participates as part of a teaching team in his/her role of teacher aide.

308. Peer Advising Practicum in Psychology. Introductory psychology and permission of instructor. (2-3). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
This course combines a seminar and practicum experience in (academic) peer advising for psychology concentrators. Students accepted into the practicum staff the Peer Advising Office, plan focus groups, do readings, write journals and an APA-style research paper. Students attend a weekly seminar with a licensed clinical faculty member.

310/Soc. 320. Training in Processes of Intergroup Dialogues. Permission of instructor. Open to juniors and seniors. (3). (Excl). May be used as an experiential lab in the Psychology concentration. A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL).
This course is designed to give students a foundation in the skills and knowledge needed to facilitate multicultural group interactions, including structured intergroup dialogues. Topics include: basic group facilitation skills and their applications to multicultural settings; social identity group development; prejudice and stereotyping and their effects on groups; etc.

311/Soc. 321. Practicum in Facilitating Intergroup Dialogues. Psychology 310 and permission of instructor. (3). (Excl). A total of six credits of Psychology letter-graded experiential courses may be counted for the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL).
This practicum follows Psychology 310, and requires applied work in facilitating intergroup dialogues. Students also participate in weekly supervision seminars to discuss their work in the dialogue groups, and to discuss theory and practice of group observation, in-outgroup conflict intervention skills, intergroup communication and community building, etc.

312. Junior Honors: Research Methods in Psychology. Honors concentrators in psychology. (3). (Excl).
The resources of modern experimental psychology are emphasized. Papers summarizing research findings and methods in certain areas are prepared by the student.

313/Rel. 369. Psychology and Religion. Introductory psychology or senior standing. (4). (Excl).
Psychological processes in religious phenomena and an interpretation of the psychological meaning of religion.

314/Inteflex 201. Nature of Illness I. Inteflex-Med. 210. (4). (Excl).
A course in the knowledge and skills of interpersonal actions emphasizing their relations to patient care.

315/CAAS 327. Psychological Aspects of the Black Experience. One course in psychology or Afroamerican and African Studies. (3). (SS).
An examination of the unique and consistent patterns in attitudes of Black Americans toward themselves and the external community. Emphasis is placed on age-sex-status differences and on temporal changes. Attention is directed toward causes and consequences for individuals and for the larger group.

316/CAAS 331. The World of the Black Child. One course in psychology or Afroamerican and African Studies. (3). (Excl).
An analysis of the socio-cultural and institutional forces which influence the socialization and development of Black children; examines the child's perception of these forces and implications for the educational experience.

317. Community Based Research. Introductory psychology, and concurrent enrollment in Psych. 318. (3). (Excl). Psych. 317 and 318 may be used as an experiential lab in the Psychology concentration.
this course introduces students to basic methods of community research including the use of archival and census data, needs assessment techniques, resource analysis and elementary program evaluation. Emphasis is given to collaborative research which involves the community as a partner in establishing the research agenda and procedures.

318. Laboratory in Community Research. Concurrent enrollment in Psych. 317. (1). (Excl). Psych. 317 and 318 may be used as an experiential lab in the Psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL).
This lab, designed for students enrolled in Psych. 317, builds on the methods of community research and program evaluation.

319. Empowering Families and Communities. Concurrent enrollment in Psych. 320. (3). (Excl).
Organized around the dual themes of empowerment and community, this course introduces students to the principles and practices of community psychology. Students are trained to implement a brief intervention designed to address the needs of children, youth, or parents.

320. Laboratory in Community Intervention. Concurrent enrollment in Psych. 319. (1). (Excl). (EXPERIENTIAL).
A lab designed for students in Psych. 319. Students spend one afternoon a week working in a community-based intervention in Detroit. Students draw on concepts such as community empowerment, prevention and program development in youth-oriented projects.

330. Introduction to Biopsychology. Introductory psychology. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course is intended for second term freshmen or sophomores. It surveys the field of Biopsychology and introduces the kinds of questions addressed by physiological and comparative psychologists. Biopsychology is an area of study concerned with biological and evolutionary explanations of perception, cognition, and behavior. The organ responsible for these functions is the brain, and therefore much of the course deals with brain-behavior relations; but other biological influences, including hormones, are considered. Among topics to be discussed are: animal behavior from an evolutionary perspective; neural mechanisms involved in sensory processes; motor control (movement and posture); sleep/waking states; regulatory behaviors (feeding, drinking); and learning and memory.

331. Laboratories in Biopsychology. Psych. 330. (4). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
Laboratory work illustrating physiological concepts and their integration with psychological and behavioral phenomena.

335(430). Introduction to Animal Behavior. Introductory psychology or introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS).
An examination of animal behavior in an evolutionary framework with the intent of identifying the adaptive significance of behavior.

340. Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. Introductory psychology. (4). (NS). (BS).
A general introduction to cognitive psychology, serving as a prerequisite to advanced courses that treat various of the topics in greater depth. Topics covered include perception, learning, memory, language, imagery, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. In covering these topics, relevant methods, data, and theory are reviewed. Historical and interdisciplinary aspects of many of these topics are touched upon.

341. Superlab in Psychology as a Natural Science. Psych. 330 or 340. (4). (NS). (BS). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
Systematic laboratory course designed for students interested in the scientific study of psychology. The course includes selected topics in comparative and physiological psychology and human information processing.

345(434). Introduction to Human Neuropsychology. Introductory psychology. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Psych. 634. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course provides an introduction to the study of human brain-behavior relations, and integrates approaches from the fields of psychology, neurology, neurobiology and behavioral neuroscience. The emphasis is on the functional organization of the human brain, as suggested primarily from studies in brain-damaged populations, but data derived from basic animal research is also discussed. Topics include the neuropsychology of sensation and perception, movement disorders, cerebral asymmetry, learning and memory, language, sex differences, recovery of function, attention and neuropsychiatry.

350. Introduction to Developmental Psychology. Introductory psychology. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 255. (4). (SS).
The developmental aspects of human behavior from conception to adolescence. A consideration of the theoretical and empirical aspects of the development of cognitive processes, emotional and social processes, and personality.

351. Advanced Laboratory in Developmental Psychology. Stat. 402 and Psych. 350. (3). (Excl). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
Laboratory experiments and field observations of children of various ages. Areas studied include cognition (i.e., perception, learning, thinking, language), emotional and social development, and personality development.

360. Introduction to Organizational Psychology. Introductory psychology. (4). (SS).
Organizational psychology is the subfield of psychology devoted to the study of human thought and action in organizations. This course offers a broad-ranging introduction to the field and aims to help students to develop understanding and skills in relation to a variety of subjects, including work attitudes and motivation; work design; group dynamics; leadership; decision making; processes of organization's organization structure and design; and organizational culture.

361. Advanced Laboratory in Organizational Psychology. Psych. 360. (4). (Excl). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
The course examines current topics in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management. The lab investigates several empirical approaches (e.g., role analysis, group planning and decision making, diversity and work redesign) which are used to enhance individual, group and organizational effectiveness. Students conduct individual and group field research projects, deliver oral presentations and complete written reports.

370. Introduction to Psychopathology. Introductory psychology. (4). (SS).
Introduces students to the field of clinical psychology and abnormal and deviant behavior. As such, it has a lifespan coverage, beginning with problems of infancy, early childhood/pre-school, and school-aged children, and continue through adolescence, adult development and into disturbances of the elderly. It surveys biopsychosocial perspectives with repect to the problems described.

372. Advanced Laboratory in Psychopathology. Psych. 370. A basic statistics course (e.g., Stat 402) is recommended although not required. (3). (Excl). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
This course combines observations of psychiatric patients with didactic readings, lectures, and seminars. It is designed to introduce students to various methods of clinical inference and research relevant to the construction and study of dynamic theories of psychopathology, related psychodiagnostic methods, and psychotherapeutic interventions.

380. Introduction to Social Psychology. Introductory psychology. (4). (SS).
An introductory study of the interrelationships of the functioning of social systems and the behavior and attitudes of individuals.

381/Soc. 472. Advanced Laboratory in Social Psychology. Stat. 402 and Psych. 380. (3). (Excl). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
Laboratory or field experiments emphasize the conditions of change in attitudes and behavior as a function of personal and group determinants.

390. Introduction to the Psychology of Personality. Introductory psychology. (4). (SS).
A selective overview of major theories of personality. The orientation is systematic rather than critical. The goal of instruction is to provide students with a mastery of the various concepts and their interrelationships within each theory as well as with an appreciation of their empirical bases and their heuristic values and limitations. The work of Skinner, Jung, Freud, Erikson, and Lewin is presented in lectures and readings. The major applications of each theory are presented and discussed.

391. Advanced Laboratory in Personality. Stat. 402, and prior or concurrent enrollment in Psych. 390. (3). (Excl). Satisfies a Psychology research-based laboratory requirement.
Survey of research approaches to conceptualizing personality and to relating personality variables to behavior. Each student designs and carries out one major experiment. Conferences and laboratory.

400. Special Problems in Psychology as a Natural Science. Introductory psychology. Only 6 credits of Psych. 400, 401, 402 and 500, 501, 502 combined may be counted toward a concentration plan in psychology, and a maximum of 12 credits may be counted toward graduation. (2-4). (Excl). (BS). May be repeated for credit.
A study of selected problems in psychology. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics and credit.

401. Special Problems in Psychology as a Social Science. Introductory psychology. Only 6 credits of Psych. 400, 401, 402, 500, 501, and 502 combined may be counted toward a concentration plan in psychology. (1-4). (Excl). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
A study of selected problems in psychology. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics and credit.

404. Field Practicum. One of the following: Psychology 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390; and permission of instructor. (1-12). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit. May be used as an experiential lab in psychology. Credits may not be used toward either psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
Students may make arrangements to work in field settings where psychological principles may be observed and utilized. Information about procedures for electing Psychology 404, 405, and 409 is obtained at 1044 East Engineering (764-2580).

405. Field Practicum. One of the following: Psychology 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390; and permission of instructor. (1-12). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit. May be used as an experiential lab in psychology. Credits may not be used toward either psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
Students may make arrangements to work in field settings where psychological principles may be observed and utilized. Information about procedures for electing Psychology 404, 405, and 409 is obtained at 1044 East Engineering (764-2580).

408. Field Practicum in Research Techniques/Natural Science. Psychology 330 or 340 or 350 or 360 or 370 or 380 or 390. (1-4). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit. Credits do not count for the concentration, but the course may be used for an experiential lab if taken for three credits. (EXPERIENTIAL). Credit is granted for a combined total of twelve credits of Psychology 404, 405, 408 and 409, and for a maximum of fifteen credits for Psychology 211, 404, 405, 408 and 409. This course may be taken for a maximum of two terms and/or four credits with the same instructor.
The course provides experience and education in research techniques. The student works with the instructor on various aspects of psychological research, completes readings, keeps a research journal and completes a paper which integrates the readings and experiences in the research setting.

409. Field Practicum in Research Techniques. One of the following: Psychology 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390; and permission of instructor. (1-4). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit. This course may be used as an experiential lab in psychology. Credits may not be used toward either psychology concentration. (EXPERIENTIAL). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits. Credit is granted for a combined total of twelve credits of Psychology 404, 405, 408 and 409, and for a maximum of fifteen credits of Psychology 211, 404, 405, 408, and 409. May be elected for a maximum of two terms and/or four credits with the same instructor.
The course provides experience and education in research techniques. The student works with the instructor on various aspects of psychological research, completes readings, keeps a journal and completes a paper which integrates the readings and experiences in the research setting.

411/WS 419. Gender and Group Process in a Multicultural Context. One course in women's studies or psychology. (3). (SS).
This course provides an introduction to theories of group dynamics that illuminate stages of group development and productivity. It includes teaching and practice of group facilitation skills. The course combines theoretical presentation with an experimental learning model; material discussed and modelled in class is applied in home-base groups with opportunities for skill practice and feedback. Special attention is given throughout the course to the influence and manifestation of gender, ethnic and race dynamics as they shape events, conflict and communication patterns in various group formats.

412. Peer Counseling. Introductory psychology. (3). (Excl).
Explores the basic principles, techniques and development issues involved in peer counseling and its many applications. The focus is both academic and experiential.

417. Mind and Brain: Historical and Cultural Issues. Introductory Psychology or Introductory Biology or Junior Standing. (3). (Excl).
The course provides an overview and history of some of the practical, conceptual, and philosophical mind-brain issues with a focus on Western behavioral neuroscience and an introduction to alternate approaches. The course examines current controversial mind-brain issues.

418/Religion 448. Psychology and Spiritual Development. (3). (Excl).
This course explores the contributions of transpersonal psychology in examining direct spiritual experience, the Division to work with a within a spiritual discipline, and the diversity of lives led in search of life's highest goals.

432. Reproductive Behavior in Mammals. Psych. 330, 335, or 437. (3). (Excl). (BS).
A biological and ecological approach to mammalian reproductive behavior in a comparative framework.

433. Biopsychology of Motivation. Psych. 330. (3). (NS). (BS).
For undergraduates with some prior experience in biopsychology. Course examines the psychological systems and physiological brain mechanisms involved in controlling basic motivational and emotional states.

436. Drugs of Abuse, Brain and Behavior. Psych. 330. Introductory biology and chemistry are recommended. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Basic introduction to the neuropsychopharmacology of drug abuse and addiction.

437/Anthro. 368. Primate Social Behavior I. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course describes and explains primate societies. It is the lower course in a sequence of two. The class investigates sex, aggression, cooperation, social development, and group structure.

442. Perception, Science, and Reality. Introductory psychology. (3). (NS). (BS).
This course focuses on basic perceptual phenomena and theories, with a speical emphasis on direct, noncognitive models of perception. The course emphasizes immediate perceptual experience and phenomenological description.

443. Learning and Memory. Psych. 340. (3). (NS). (BS).
A survey of the general principles of learning and memory and an introduction to learning theory.

444. Perception. Psych. 340. (3). (NS). (BS).
Analysis of basic perception processes and theories.

445/Ling. 447. Psychology of Language. Psych. 340. (3). (Excl).
A survey of research and theory on the normal language processes in children and adults. Among the topics usually discussed are first language acquisition, biological basis of language, speech perception, language comprehension, semantic memory, language production, bilingualism, second-language learning, and reading.

446. Human Factors Psychology. Psych. 340. (3). (Excl). (BS).
A discussion of how knowledge of human performance capacities and limitations may influence technological development both at a societal level as in the development of noise control legislation and at the level of an individual worker as in the design of jobs that take advantage of technological innovation. Background on selected aspects of human performance is introduced while focusing on their practical application. Two lectures and one laboratory-field study meeting each week.

447. Psychology of Thinking. Psych. 340. (3). (NS). (BS).
An analysis of psychological processes involved in reasoning, understanding, solving problems, recognizing patterns, and answering questions.

448. Mathematical Psychology. One year of college mathematics and Psych. 340. (3). (Excl). (BS). (QR/2).
An analysis of psychological processes using quantitative theories. Emphasis is placed on learning, perception, and choice, with particular consideration of rigorous formulation of hypotheses and empirical tests.

451/Ling. 451. Development of Language and Thought. Psych. 350. (3). (SS).
An examination of early children's language and its relation to conceptual development. Course covers development of word meaning, organization of early concepts, the nature of early grammatical knowledge, and how language development relates to logical thinking and social knowledge.

453. Socialization of the Child. Psych. 350. (3). (SS).
A consideration of the major theories of the child's personality with emphasis on the interaction of the child's physical, psychological, and social environments.

455. Cognitive Development. Psych. 350. (3). (SS).
The development of intellectual and cognitive processes from infancy to maturity. Emphasis on contemporary theories and experimental research related to memory, language, conceptual understanding, and information processing strategies.

456. Human Infancy. Psych. 350. (3). (Excl).
Survey of research on human infancy, relating findings to theory, practice, and social policy issues. Topics range across perceptual, cognitive, social and emotional development, and include high risk as well as normal infants.

459. Psychology of Aging. Psych. 350. (3). (SS).
Normal and abnormal changes in behavior that occur between early maturity and late maturity, with special emphasis on changes in sensation and perception, intelligence, learning, and personality as well as other areas of a more social psychological nature such as social roles and the impact of environmental change on older people.

464. Group Behavior in Organizations. Psych. 360. (3). (Excl).
The course is designed to help students understand the nature of behavior in groups within organizational settings. Topics include the nature of groups, group roles, leadership, group effectiveness, and other related areas. Emphasis is on the application of group concepts to organizational environments.

470. Introduction to Community Psychology. Introductory psychology. (3). (SS).
A comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts, problems, and research methods of community psychology. Major topics include alternative conceptions of psychological disorder and deviance, levels of prevention, planned change, naturalistic research methods, dynamics of service delivery systems, the quality of life, and assessment of community settings. Strong emphasis is placed on social criticism and the role of values in human affairs.

471. Marriage and the Family. Introductory psychology. (3). (SS).
An analysis of the family from a psychological perspective. Examines individual and interpersonal processses within this primary system. Other topics include dating, early marriage, parenthood, sexual functioning, maladjustment, divorce and research strategies.

474. Introduction to Behavior Therapy. Psych. 370. (3). (Excl).
This course is intended to introduce the advanced undergraduate student to the principal concepts of behavior modification both as a technique and as a theory of human interaction. The effects of punishment and reward upon behavior are emphasized as well as contingency management, response cost, reciprocal inhibition, and ratio strain. Most of the techniques and concepts discussed are used (or demonstrated) in the teaching of the course itself.

488/Soc. 465. Sociological Analysis of Deviant Behavior. Introductory sociology or introductory psychology as a social science. (3). (SS).
A general analysis of the sociological factors producing deviance, the effects of social control efforts on the course of deviant development, and the functional significance of deviance in social systems.

490. Political Psychology. Introductory psychology. (3). (SS).
Survey of how psychological factors affect political behavior, and vice versa: leadership, war and peace, political socialization, ideology, political cognition, mass media, political commitment and voting, rebellion, terrorism, and negotiation-mediation.

498. Gender and the Individual. Introductory Psych. (3). (Excl).
The origins and consequences of sex differences in personality, behaviors, and attitudes are explored. Research findings from the biological sciences, social sciences, and psychology are used in analyzing sex roles and sex differentiated behaviors. Students should have basic background in psychology and some background in biology.

500. Special Problems in Psychology as a Natural Science. Introductory Psychology. (2-4). (Excl). (BS). Only six credits of Psych. 400, 401, 402, 500, 501, and 502 may be counted toward a concentration plan in psychology. May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
A study of selected problems in Psychology in the Natural Science area. Topics vary from term to term. Consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topic and credit.

501. Special Problems in Psychology as a Social Science. Introductory Psychology. (1-4). (Excl). Only six credits of Psych. 400, 401, 402, 500, 501, and 502 may be counted toward a concentration plan in psychology. May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
A study of selected problems in Psychology in the Social Science area. Topics vary from term to term. Consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topic and credit.

502. Special Problems in Psychology. Introductory Psychology. (1-4). (Excl). Only six credits of Psych. 400, 401, 402, 500, 501, and 502 may be counted toward a concentration plan in psychology. May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
A study of selected problems in psychology. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics and credit.

505. Faculty Directed Advanced Research. Permission of instructor and one of the following: Psychology 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390. (1-6). (Excl). May be used as an experiential lab by faculty petition to the Committee on Undergraduate Studies. A combined total of six credits of Psych. 505 and 507 may be included in a concentration plan in psychology. (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
Arrangements may be made for adequately prepared students to undertake individual research of their own design under the direction of a member of the staff. The work of the course must include the collection and analysis of data and a written report, a copy of which must be given to the undergraduate office. Students are provided with the proper section number by the staff member with whom the work has been arranged. Students are responsible for being properly registered for this course.

507. Faculty Directed Advanced Tutorial Reading. Permission of instructor and approval of the Department of Psychology Committee on Undergraduate Studies; and one of the following: Psychology 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, or 390. (1-6). (Excl). A combined total of six credits of Psych. 505 and 507 may be included in a concentration plan in psychology. (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
Arrangements may be made for adequately prepared students to further explore a topic of interest in Psychology under the direction of a member of the staff. The course requires a final paper, a copy of which must be given to the undergraduate office. Students are provided with the proper section number by the staff member with whom the work has been arranged. Students are responsible for properly registering for this course.

510. Senior Honors Research, I. Psych. 312 and permission of the Psychology Honors concentration advisor. (3). (Excl).
Readings and seminar discussions on contemporary psychological theory and research. Each student carries out an independent research project and prepares a formal report for submission to the Honors Committee.

511. Senior Honors Research, II. Psych. 312 and permission of the Psychology Honors concentration advisor. (3). (Excl).
Readings and seminar discussions on contemporary psychological theory and research. Each student carries out an independent research project and prepares a formal report for submission to the Honors Committee.

530. Advanced Comparative Animal Behavior. Psych. 335, 437, or 438. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Specialized topics related to the behavior of various species are examined and contrasted.

531. Advanced Topics in Biopsychology. Psych. 330. (3). (Excl). (BS). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

541. Advanced Topics in Cognition and Perception. Psych. 340. (3). (Excl). (BS). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

542. Decision Processes. An introductory course in statistics is recommended but not required. (3). (NS). (BS).
An examination of how people use data in making inferences about their environments and how they select from among alternative courses of action when faced with choices. The main emphasis is on experimental studies of human information processing and decision making.

551. Advanced Topics in Developmental Psychology. Psych. 350. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

558. Psychology of Adolescence. Psych. 350. (3). (Excl).
Adolescence as an interaction of rapid biological and social change is considered, emphasizing the impact of this bio-social change on personality development. The theoretical and empirical literature is examined in some detail.

561. Advanced Topics in Organizational Psychology. Psych. 360. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

565. Organizational Systems. Psych. 360. (3). (Excl).
The purpose of the course is to introduce students to systems level concepts of behavior in organizations, with emphasis on integrating individual and group level concepts into systematic models. Topics include organizational structure and design, adaptation, systems models of organization, and organizational change.

570. The Psychological Study of Lives. Psych. 370 or 390, and junior standing. (3). (Excl).
Through readings and class discussion, students are prepared to submit biographical and autobiographical materials to a psychological analysis and to give evidence of their abilities in midterm and final papers. Social and cultural factors are stressed in this application.

571. Advanced Topics in Clinical Psychology. Psych. 370. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

572. Development and Structure of the Self. Psych 370 and junior standing. (3). (Excl).
Course is designed to explore various points of view from which the self has been studied in psychology. Topics are the self as meaning maker, the emerging self, the individuated self, the integrated self, the moral self, and the intergenerational self.

573. Developmental Disturbances of Childhood. Psych. 350 or 390, and Psych. 370. (3). (Excl).
This course is designed to acquaint students with the points of view, methods of study, concepts, and research findings of developmental disturbances of childhood. After a brief overview of the field, a broad range of disorders in infants and children are reviewed from contrasting conceptual frameworks, and a number of stressful events or conditions (e.g., divorce, poverty, severe psychopathology) are studied in terms of their impact on children.

574. Clinical Psychology. Psych. 370 and psychology concentration. (3). (Excl).
Students are introduced to the logic, problems, and limitations of clinical observation and inference. Issues in diagnosis and treatment are examined and conflicts between theories of personality and psychotherapy are studied. An attempt is made to understand parallels between clinical interpretation and problems of interpretation in other disciplines such as history, and contrasts are made between the methods of clinical and experimental observation.

575. Perspectives in Advanced Psychopathology. Two courses from among Psych. 350, 370, 390, 443, 444, 451, and 558. (3). (Excl).
A survey of major dynamic theoretical approaches to the study of psychopathological conditions including psychoneuroses, character disorders, delinquency, psychosomatic illness, psychoses, and extremes in intellectual endowment. Major emphasis is given to the theoretical implications of relevant clinical and experimental research and to the integration of theories of psychopathology with those of general psychology.

581. Advanced Topics in Social Psychology. Psych. 380. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

591. Advanced Topics in Personality Psychology. Psych. 380. (3). (Excl). May be repeated for credit.
Presents in a seminar current topics of special interest to students and faculty. Course offerings often address faculty's current research. Topics vary from term to term; consult the Time Schedule for specific information about topics.

529/Poli. Sci. 529. Statistics. Prior coursework in calculus or concurrent enrollment in Math 413, and permission of instructor. Previous coursework in statistics is not required. (3). (Excl).
This course covers descriptive statistics, probability theory, probability distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson, exponential), sampling distributions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, correlation, and simple regression analysis. It also includes an introduction to experimental design and to Bayesian decision analysis. The emphasis in the course in on preparing competent users and consumers of basic statistics. Some attention is paid to the mathematical underpinnings of statistical theory so that students are prepared to go on to the SPP econometrics course (SPP 571).

555/Econ. 555. Microeconomics. Permission of instructor. (4). (Excl).
This course begins a two-term sequence designed to provide students with an understanding of the economic implications of public policies and with analytic tools useful in system design and policy planning. Major topics include production, costs, prices, resource allocation, governmental involvement in economic activity, and the operation of market systems.

556/Econ. 556. Macroeconomics. (4). (Excl).
The course analyzes the determinants of a country's living standards in the long run and how a country can influence those standards by its saving-investment policies. It explains how business cycles arise and how they can or cannot be stabilized by policy actions. It also analyzes inflation, unemployment, the balance of trade, exchange rates, interest rates, and other widely-watched indicators of economic success. The course gives students a chance to act as policy makers. Students break into small groups, pick a country, and analyze that country's macroeconomic problems: inflation; budget deficits; unemployment; private investments; and trade deficits.

573/Econ. 573. Benefit-Cost Analysis. Econ. 555. (4). (Excl).
This course teaches students how to evaluate government programs. It covers the mechanics of benefit-cost analysis, how scarce or unemployed resources should be priced, the choice of a proper time discount rate, treatment of income distribution issues, environmental benefits, intergovernmental grants, and regulatory problems. A concluding section handles some methodological issues such as the optimal scale of an investigation and the potentials of social experimentation. An essential part of the course is a term project - each student selects a program and evaluates it.

585/Poli. Sci. 585. Political Environment of Policy Analysis. Permission of instructor. (3). (Excl).
This course focused on the political environment within which policy analysis takes place. In the United States, public policies are formulated and implemented in a political system of widely-shared power by participants with many different, and often conflicting, goals. To be effective, policy analysts and public managers must understand this political system. The goal of this course is to provide the student with some of the background necessary to develop strategies for dealing effectively with the political environment of policy and administration.

586/Poli. Sci. 586. Organizational Design. (3). (Excl).
This course is designed to help students understand organizations from several perspectives. One perspective is that of a person who will be working in an organization. A second perspective is that of a policy analyst whose job it is to do analyses that are organizationally sensitive and to propose appropriate solutions to organizational problems. A third perspective is that of a manager responsible for making decisions that affect the well-being of the organization and its members. The course presents theory and opportunities for practice relevant to these perspectives.