G.S. 100-115 are short (half-term) courses. They consist of detailed examinations of restricted geologic topics. The department lists the specific courses from this series in the Time Schedule for the terms they are offered (fall and winter terms only). Each course, when offered, meets twice weekly for half of the term (first half or second half), and the specific dates for each course are printed in the Time Schedule. These courses are designed primarily for students with no prior geologic training and they are open to all interested persons. G.S. 100-115 are offered on the graded pattern (optional pass/fail).
100. Coral Reefs. (1). (NS). (BS).
Coral Reefs will be an in-depth tour of the biological and physical processes active in modern reef systems to provide a
detailed understanding of the ecology of the individual organisms
and the complex nature of their interactions within the reef community.
Evolution of the reef community will be examined, ranging from the crude framework structures formed over one billion years ago
by primitive algae to the luxuriant and diversified reefs of the
modern-day oceans, to define the evolutionary strategies of reef
building organisms. By tracking these evolutionary strategies through geologic time, the implications of man's intervention
with the Earth's hydrosphere and atmosphere on the character of
future reef communities will be considered. Cost:1
WL:4 (Meyers)
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Times, Location, and Availability
107. Volcanoes and Earthquakes. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 205, 270, or 271. (1). (NS). (BS).
The course is a study of the earth in action and includes the
following topics: geography of earthquakes and volcanoes; catastrophic
events in historic times; size and frequency of occurrence of
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; the products of volcanism;
volcanic rocks; volcanic activity through geologic time; volcanic
exhalations and the evolution of the earth's atmosphere and oceans;
relationship of earthquakes and volcanoes to plate tectonics and the internal dynamics of the earth; volcanism and geothermal energy;
manmade earthquakes; and earthquake prediction and control. Instruction
by lecture, evaluation on basis of final exam.
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Times, Location, and Availability
110. The History of the Oceans. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 222. (1). (NS). (BS).
The history of past oceanic inhabitants, events, and environments
is recorded in the sediments which have accumulated on the ocean
bottom throughout geological time. Fossils of marine plants and animals are a major part of the historical record; they give evidence
of past oceanic living conditions and the evolution of life forms
in the sea. Sediment particles eroded from land and carried to the oceans by rivers and winds provide insights into past climates
on continents. Changes in ocean currents and in seawater chemistry
have left their mark on the sediment record; the possible causes
of these changes are explored. Plate tectonics and seafloor spreading
have rearranged the shapes of ocean basins and repositioned continents
over time. These processes are reflected in the record in marine
sediments still present on the ocean floor and also in those now
uplifted to form part of the continents. Selected topics include: the origin and destruction of oceans and mountains, El Ni – o
events, the Eocene greenhouse, and the origin of life. These topics
are presented in lectures held twice weekly for a half term. A
single exam at the end of the course will determine the course
grade. Cost:1
WL:3 (Owen and Meyers)
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Times, Location, and Availability
111. Climate and Mankind. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 201 or 275. (1). (NS). (BS).
The intent of this course is to give a heightened awareness
to students of the nature and fragility of the Earth's climate, and how changes in climate have affected past civilizations and may affect our future. Course topics will include: a description
of the climate systems of the Earth, the atmosphere, oceans, and polar ice caps; the information we gather to understand the history
of those systems; how changes in climate have affected past civilizations;
and what may happen to the planet if the predicted "Greenhouse
Effect – Global Warming" finally arrives. Cost:1
WL:4 (O'Neil)
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Times, Location, and Availability
115. Geologic Time. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 135 or 269. (1). (NS). (BS).
Until the middle of the 18th century the Earth was generally thought to be less than 10,000 years old, and according to many, close to its apocolyptic end. We now know that the Earth formed
4.5 billion years ago and that the entire history of mankind is
nothing but the latest tiny fraction of Earth history. The formation
of rocks, continental drift, volcanoes, and earthquakes is evaluated
in the framework of geologic time and plate tectonics. The discovery
of time from the Renaissance to the latest high tech developments
in radioactive dating is reviewed. Finally, the history of planet
Earth will be described including its accretion out of dust and giant impacts, the origin of the Moon, the formation of the atmosphere
and oceans, the development of life and the building of continents.
The course will draw upon examples meaningful to the student to
illustrate the principles. Lectures twice weekly for half the
term. Course pack provides most of the diagrams. A final one hour
examination. Cost:1
WL:3/4 (Mukasa)
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Times, Location, and Availability
117. Introduction to Geology. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 116, 119, or 120. Those with credit for GS 205 may only elect GS 117 for 4 credits. (5). (NS). (BS).
Introduction to Geology is a single term course structured
to provide students from all backgrounds with an understanding
of the history of Earth and of the natural processes which have
given rise to its landscapes, oceans, and continents. This includes
examination of: the physical processes which give rise to plate
tectonics and the formation of earthquakes, volcanoes, the uplift
of major mountain ranges; and of the chemical and biological phenomena
which modify the character of the atmosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere
at the Earth's surface. This course includes a laboratory to provide
hands-on experience in identifying common rocks and minerals and in understanding geological and topographical maps. Topics covered
in class lecture are reviewed weekly in a one hour discussion
section. Course includes lectures and weekly laboratory and discussion
sections. Cost:2
WL:4 (Lohmann)
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Times, Location, and Availability
118. Introductory Geology Laboratory. Prior or concurrent enrollment in GS 119, or 205 and 206, or 135. Credit is not granted for GS 118 to those with credit for an introductory course in geology (GS 116, 117, or 218). (1). (NS). (BS).
This course provides hands-on laboratory experience for all
students interested in learning to identify commonly-occurring
rocks, minerals, and fossils and to interpret Earth history from
geologic and topographic features represented in maps. Examples
will be taken from regions complexly deformed by mountain building
to areas sculptured by glaciers, erosion, and volcanism. Cost:2
WL:4 (Lohmann)
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Times, Location, and Availability
119. Introductory Geology Lectures. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 116, 117, 120. No credit granted to those who have completed both 205 and 206. Those with credit for GS 205 may only elect GS 119 for 3 credits. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course shares lectures and a weekly discussion section
with GS 117, but does not provide a laboratory experience. Students
requiring a ONE-TERM introductory science course with laboratory
should elect GS 117. Cost:2
WL:4 (Lohmann)
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Times, Location, and Availability
124/AOSS 124/Environ. Stud. 124. Environment, People, Resources. (2). (NS). (BS).
See Environmental Studies 124.
(Walker)
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Times, Location, and Availability
125. Evolution and Extinction. Those with credit for GS 106 may only elect GS 125 for 2 credits. (3). (NS). (BS). May not be included in a concentration plan in geological sciences.
The course examines the concepts of evolution and extinction, stressing the role that the fossil record has played in their
development. The broad patterns in history of life are presented
starting with earliest evidence of life on earth. Basic geological
principles necessary for reconstructing earth history are introduced.
Readings are drawn from a variety of sources, including primary
scientific literature. Requirements: attendance in lectures, discussion
sections; readings; several short writing assignments; exams.
Cost:2 WL:4
(Baumiller)
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Times, Location, and Availability
130/Phys. 119/Chem. 108. The Physical World. High-school algebra. (4). (NS). (BS). (QR/2).
The physics, chemistry, and pre-calculus (algebraic) concepts
of comprehensive Earth and planetary science will be covered for those students who feel less than fully prepared for existing
college-level science classes. The course is aimed at students
in need of a science course, particularly those who will not readily
select more than one physical science course as undergraduates
at UM. Weekly discussions by a GSI will complement the lectures
and amplify on them. Extensive weekly homework (quantitative exercises)
will form 40% of the grade, with the remaining 60% based on two
in-class exams and one final exam. Textbook: K.B. Krauskopf and A. Beiser, The Physical Universe, McGraw Hill, 7th ed.
1993. Cost:2
WL:1 (van Keken)
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Times, Location, and Availability
201/Geography 201. Introductory Geography: Water, Climate, and Mankind. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 268. Those with credit for GS 111 may only elect GS 201 for 3 credits. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course is a basic introduction to physical geography which
emphasizes many topics including maps, seasons, the atmosphere, greenhouse gasses, radiation and heat balance, the dangers of
global warming, circulation, moisture and precipitation, air masses, and water supply. Students also study climate classification, and geologic and historical climate changes, and landforms and their formation. Students in this lecture-lab course are evaluated
by hourly and final examinations with satisfactory completion
of the lab work a prerequisite to the final course evaluation.
(Stearns)
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Times, Location, and Availability
204/AOSS 204/Astronomy 204. The Planets: Their Geology and Climates. High school mathematics through plane geometry and trigonometry. Those with credit for GS 113 may only elect GS 204 for 2 credits. (3). (NS). (BS).
This course will present perspectives on the evolution of the
solar system in both an historical context and in light of the
extraordinary scientific advances resulting from recent space
exploration. The principal focus will be on the structure, composition, and evolutionary history of the surfaces, and atmospheres of the
planets and their satellites. Special emphasis will be given to
comparative aspects of geology, meteorology, and climatology as
developed on the various bodies of the solar system. Concepts
of space exploration techniques will also be presented. The course
is intended for non-science concentrators and other students with
typical high school science and math backgrounds. (Atreya and Pollack)
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Times, Location, and Availability
205. How the Earth Works: the Dynamic Planet. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 117, 119, or 270. No credit granted to those who have completed both GS 105 and 107. Those with credit for one of GS 105 and 107 may only elect GS 205 for 1 credit. (2). (NS). (BS).
The dynamic Earth has given us oceans, continents, and an atmosphere.
Its continuing activity is manifested today by the destructive
powers of such natural phenomena as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and mountain building. The unifying concept of plate tectonics
contains the clue to the shape and changes in the physical environment
of the Earth from its initial formation to today. The goal is
to present a fully integrated approach to the evolving Earth's
unique features in our solar system and explain its physical principles
using conceptual and factual material. Extensive use is made of
videos, animations, slides, and classroom demonstrations. Two
lectures/week; evaluation based on midterm and final exam. No
special background required. Course reading: Earth Science
and the Environment by Thompson and Turk. This course can
be taken singly or concurrently with its companion course (GS
206); together they constitute a balanced introduction to modern
earth sciences. Cost:2
WL:1 (van der Pluijm)
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Times, Location, and Availability
207. How the Earth Works: A Hands-On Experience. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 116, 117, 118, or 120. (2). (NS). (BS).
This course involves a one-hour lecture followed by a two-hour
hands-on 'practicum.' It is intended for students interested in
environmental issues, in particular the relationship between earth
sciences and short-term (on the order of years) human concerns.
We will examine a wide range of environmental issues, such as
earthquake risks, volcanic hazards, slope stability and mass movement, minerals, fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas and coal), surface
and groundwater pollution, solid toxic and radioactive waste disposal.
The class is aimed at all who are interested in everyday environmental
concerns and want to have an introductory, hands-on approach to
understanding and solving these problems. It is intended for non-science
students and there are no prerequisites, except for an interest
in the near future of our planet. Because you will get a solid
understanding of major environmental issues, the class can serve
as a pre-concentration requirement in environmental geology. Reading:
"Laboratory Exercises in Environmental Geology" by H.
Blatt (1994). (Walter)
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Times, Location, and Availability
222. Introductory Oceanography. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in AOSS 203. (3). (NS). (BS). (QR/2).
This course introduces students to the scientific study of the oceans. Contents include the shape, structure, and origin
of the ocean basins; the sedimentary record of oceanic life and conditions in the past; the composition of seawater and its influence
on life and climate; waves and currents; the life of the oceans
and how it depends upon the marine environment; the resources
of the ocean and their wise use by society. The course format
consists of lectures and readings from an assigned textbook. The
course grade will be based on three one-hour exams and a two-hour
final exam. (Rea)
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Times, Location, and Availability
223. Introductory Oceanography, Laboratory. Concurrent enrollment in GS 222. (1). (NS). (BS). (QR/2).
This course is an optional laboratory intended to provide students
with opportunities to explore further various oceanography topics
presented in the GS 222 lectures. Laboratory sessions will include
sampling procedures, use of equipment, discussions, and demonstrations
of how data are generated. The course grade will be based on written
laboratory exercises and a final exam.
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Times, Location, and Availability
231. Elements of Mineralogy. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Chem. 125/130 or 210/211. Those with credit for GS 232 may elect GS 231 for only 2 credits. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This course is a comprehensive introduction to the nature, properties, structures, and modes of occurrence of minerals. The
first three-fourths of the course (three lectures per week) considers the general features of minerals and includes topics such as introductory
crystallography, crystal chemistry, and introductory phase equilibria.
During the last portion of the course, the principal rock-forming
minerals such as feldspars, pyroxenes, and olivines are individually
reviewed with respect to properties, structures, genesis, and other characteristics. The laboratory (one three-hour laboratory
each week) is divided into three sections: (1) three weeks of
morphological crystallography, (2) six weeks of systematic mineralogy
during which students become familiar with the properties and associations of approximately seventy-five significant minerals, and (3) four weeks of introduction to the use of the polarizing
microscope as applied to both crushed mineral fragments and rock thin sections. There is one required field trip. Introductory
optical mineralogy is covered in five of the recitation classes.
Geology 231 is a prerequisite to the professional concentration
program in the Department of Geological Sciences. Cost:3 WL:3
(Peacor)
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Times, Location, and Availability
232. Earth Materials. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Chem 125/130 or 210/211. Those with credit for GS 231 may elect GS 232 for only 2 credits. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course is a required part of the Environmental Geology
concentration program. It comprises an introduction to the inorganic
materials, and processes involving materials, which occur at or
near the earth's surface and which therefore are fundamental to
processes of environmental significance. The order of major subjects
is (1) fluids and their properties, (2) crystal structural and crystal chemical properties of crystalline solid phases, (3) general
chemical relationships among phases, (4) systematics of significant
mineral groups, especially clay minerals, and (5) minerals and processes among minerals in weathering, diagenetic, sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic systems. There is a laboratory in which
students learn the characteristics and properties of the principal
mineral and rock systems. There are two hour exams, a final exam, and occasional quizzes. (Stixrude)
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Times, Location, and Availability
269. Evolution of the Earth. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 135. Those with credit for GS 115 may only elect GS 269 for 2 credits. (3). (NS). (BS).
This seminar course is intended for first and second year students
with no previous knowledge of, or experience in, the earth sciences.
The material will introduce students to the history of the earth
from its formation in the solar nebula, through the development
of the continents, oceans, atmosphere, and life to its present
state as an active planet. The course will explain how various
features of the earth "work," including continental
drift, volcanoes, and the formation of most rocks, how theories
are developed in geology and how the magnitude of time has been
determined. The course will be divided into two halves. In the
first half the basic concepts will be explained. In the second
half students will each make a presentation covering a relevant
subject which will be followed by discussion. Assessment will
be by two one-hour examinations and an oral presentation that
will form the basis for a term paper. Course pack. (Halliday)
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Times, Location, and Availability
271. Natural Hazards. Those with credit for GS 107 or 205 may only elect GS 271 for 2 credits. Those who have credit for both GS 107 and 205 may only elect 271 for 1 credit. (3). (NS). (BS).
This freshman/sophomore seminar examines various types of natural
hazard such as earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, and tornadoes.
We make case studies, explore geological and geophysical background, and discuss the social aspects of natural hazards. Each student
is given a project, which will be presented in a class and reported
as an essay. Evaluation is based on an exam, the presentation
and essay. No science background is required, but active participation
of students is expected. Cost:1
WL:4 (Lange)
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Times, Location, and Availability
273. Contemporary Dinosaurs. Those with credit for GS 103 may only elect GS 273 for 2 credits. (3). (NS). (BS).
This course will examine a current understanding of dinosaurs
and other fossil reptiles, and the history and philosophy of their
study. (Cox)
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Times, Location, and Availability
280/Environ. Stud. 360. Mineral Resources, Economics, and the Environment. May not be included in a concentration plan in geology. (4). (NS). (BS). (QR/2).
Geology 280 deals with mineral resource-related problems in
a complex society. The course discusses the origin, distribution
and remaining supplies of oil, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold, diamonds, potash, sulfur, gravel, water, and other important mineral
resources in terms of the economic, engineering, political, and environmental factors that govern their recovery, processing and use. Among topics considered are the origin of oil, mineral exploration
methods, strip mining, recycling, smelting methods, transport
of oil, money and gold, nuclear waste disposal, and taxation vs.
corporate profits. Three lectures and one discussion per week.
Evaluation by means of quizzes, exercises, and a final exam. Required
text: Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment
(S.E. Kesler). No previous background in geology is necessary
for this course. This course cannot be used as part of a concentration
plan in Geological Sciences. Cost:2
WL:4 (Kesler)
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Times, Location, and Availability
283. Evolution of North America. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in GS 411. (3). (NS). (BS).
This is a seminar course that will provide an introduction
of the geological history of the earth using North America as
an example. An introduction to the geological history of the earth
will comprise the first third of the course. The students will then lead discussions on specific topics related to the geological
history of the earth through time for two-thirds of the course, and each student will prepare a 9-10 page term paper on their
topic. A required four-day field trip will be conducted
after the end of classes of the term. It will involve
camping out as well as short hikes to examine various rock outcrops.
The trip will encircle Lake Huron from Ann Arbor to Sault Ste.
Marie to Sudbury to Parry Sound and back to Ann Arbor, examining
rocks that range in age from Precambrian to the Pleistocene. (Essene)
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Times, Location, and Availability
284. Environmental Geology.
No credit granted to those who have completed or
are enrolled in GS 272. Those with credit for GS 271 may only
elect GS 284 for 3 credits. (4). (NS). (BS).
Environmental Geology deals with interactions between people
and Earth. It begins with an introduction to geologic materials
and processes and goes on to specific topics such as soil, surface
and ground water, natural hazards (volcanism, landslides, earthquakes, floods, coastal processes), geomedicine, and waste disposal. Previous
experience in geology is not required. The course includes three
lectures and one discussion period (in which homework exercises
are explained and discussed) per week. Evaluation is by means
of quizzes, exercises, and a final exam. A book and exercise pack
are required. Cost:2
WL:4 (Kesler and Nolen-Hoeksema)
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Times, Location, and Availability
B. Primarily for Concentrators
305. Sedimentary Geology. An introductory geological sciences laboratory course. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Sedimentary Geology is one of several geology core courses
required of all concentrators. The course format consists of two
lectures, one evening discussion session, and one scheduled two-hour
laboratory each week. In addition, three one-day field trips, scheduled from September to November, are required. The lectures
will examine the principles and processes of sedimentation, and survey modern surficial environments, aspects of sediment diagenesis, and the tectono-sedimentological evolution of the Phanerozoic
North American continent. The laboratory will provide an in-depth
familiarization with terrigenous clastic and non-clastic rocks, in hand sample and thin section, and focus on identification of
constituent grains, their fabric and classification. Evaluation
is based on two lecture examinations, laboratory quizzes and assignments, and field trip projects. Cost:3
WL:3 (Wilkinson)
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Times, Location, and Availability
418. Paleontology. GS 117, or Biol. 154 or 195. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is an introduction to the principles, methods of
analysis, and major controversies within paleontology. It will
familiarize the student with the fossil record (primarily, but
not exclusively, of multicellular organisms) and its use in dealing
with problems in evolutionary biology, paleoecology, and general
earth history. Three lectures weekly; midterm, final examination, and term paper. Required text: Raup and Stanley, Principles
of Paleontology. Cost:2
WL:4 (Fisher)
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Times, Location, and Availability
419. Paleontology Laboratory. Prior or concurrent enrollment in GS 418. (1). (Excl). (BS).
This course is an introductory laboratory in paleontology.
It will involve observation, analysis, and interpretation of fossil
specimens (primarily invertebrates) and relevant material of living
organisms. Its goal is to give the student experience in dealing
with paleontological problems and to develop a familiarity with the systematics and morphology of important groups of fossil organisms.
Students should be registered concurrently or previously in GS
418. One 3-hour lab weekly; lab exercises, midterm, and final
examination. Recommended text: Clarkson, Invertebrate Paleontology
and Evolution (3rd ed.). Cost:2
WL:4
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Times, Location, and Availability
437. Evolution of Vertebrates. A course in general biology or historical geology. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This course provides students with a detailed interaction with the facts and hypotheses regarding the origin and evolution of
all the groups of vertebrate animals (except mammals – see Geol.
Sci. 438). Lectures and labs explore the fossil record and history through time of sharks, bony fishes, ancient armored fishes, amphibians, turtles, dinosaurs, pterodactyls, crocodilians, lizards, and birds.
Adaptations and extinctions are studied in the context of earth
history, paleoecology, and evolution. Three lectures and one lab
per week; prerequisites: introductory biology or geology. Graded
on the basis of two exams and one term paper. (Smith)
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Times, Location, and Availability
455. Determinative Methods in Mineralogical and Inorganic Materials. One term of elementary chemistry and physics. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Determinative methods is a course in techniques of analysis
of inorganic materials with lectures aimed at providing theoretical
background for understanding of the techniques as practiced in
laboratory exercises. The major emphasis is placed on X- ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, X-
ray fluorescence, and atomic absorption. Although silicate and mineralogical analysis is emphasized, no background in geology
is required. Entrance to the course is by permission of the instructors.
The grade is determined by laboratory grades, three midterms, and a final. Cost:2
WL:3 (Peacor, Essene, Owen, and Lange)
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Times, Location, and Availability
465/AOSS 467/Chem. 467. Biogeochemical Cycles. Math. 116, Chem. 210, and Phys. 240. (3). (Excl). (BS).
See Chemistry 465. (Carroll, Groves)
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Times, Location, and Availability
467. Stratigraphy. GS 305, 310, and 351. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Stratigraphy is an intermediate level course which evaluates the framework for determining the time-space-rock relationship
present within the sedimentary record of Earth history. It will
provide an understanding of the principles and terminology of
stratigraphy (including lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, seismic
stratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy). These principles will be
applied directly to real geological sequences through problem
oriented exercises, including exercises in seismic stratigraphic
and seismic facies interpretation. Synthesis of tectonic, sedimentologic, and paleontologic data within this context will provide the basis
for resolving the environmental and physical evolution of the
Earth as a dynamic, interactive system. Prerequisites: an introductory
geology course and Sedimentology (GS 305). Recommended background:
Structural Geology (GS 351) and Paleontology. Evaluation of student
performance will be based on two examinations and ongoing class
projects and exercises. This course will satisfy the 400-level
requirement. Cost:2
WL:3 (Moore and Wilkinson)
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Times, Location, and Availability
477. Hydrogeology. Phys. 140/141, Chem. 125/130, and Math 116; Math 215 and 216 are recommended. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This course provides an introduction to physical and chemical
hydrogeology. Emphasis is on process and direct application to
geological settings. The hydrologic cycle, physical rock framework, and properties of aquifer systems will be described and quantified.
We will develop and apply transport equations and examples of
fluid, energy, and chemical transport in porous and fractured
geologic media. In addition to stated prerequisites, Math 216
is also strongly recommended. Evaluation is based on weekly practicum/problem
sets. Cost:2
WL:2 (Pollack)
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Times, Location, and Availability
489. Geological Sciences Honors. Permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.
Readings, discussions, and special work in geological sciences
for undergraduate Honors students. May be taken as a one-term
or two-term sequence with Geol. Sci. 490.
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Times, Location, and Availability
490. Geological Sciences Honors. Permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.
Readings, discussions, and special work in geological sciences
for undergraduate Honors students. May be taken as a one-term
or two-term sequence with Geol. Sci. 489.
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Times, Location, and Availability
498. Research or Special Work. Permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.
Research or special work in geological sciences for undergraduate
or graduate students. May be taken as a one-term or two-term sequence
with Geol. Sci. 499.
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Times, Location, and Availability
499. Research or Special Work. Permission of instructor. (1-6). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May be repeated for a total of 6 credits.
Research or special work in geological sciences for undergraduate
or graduate students. May be taken as a one-term or two-term sequence
with Geol. Sci. 498.
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Times, Location, and Availability
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