Courses
in Biology (Division
328)
100. Biology for Nonscientists.
Not open to those with Advanced Placement or "Departmental"
credit in biology, nor to those concentrating in the biological
sciences. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits
elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS).
Biology 100 is a one-term course designed
to introduce students to current biological concepts. The course
consists of three hours of lecture and one 2-hour discussion session
per week. Discussion sections are taught by graduate student instructors
and complement the lecture by providing the opportunity to pursue
course-related topics in a small group format. This course is
intended for students with a minimal background in the biological
sciences although it is assumed that students will have taken
at least one course in biology at the high school level. Biology
100 offers an introduction to general biological principles including
cell biology, genetics, ecology, and evolution. A primary objective
of the course is to provide students with a basic understanding
of scientific processes and their potential use and misuse. Where
appropriate, we will explore the social and ethical implications
of current biological issues facing contemporary society, including
cloning, AIDS, and global warming. Cost:3
WL:1 ; you MUST
attend the first discussion section to claim your place in the
course. (Long)
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Times, Location, and Availability
102. Practical Botany. Credit
is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory
biology. (4). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($50) required.
An introduction to plant life: how, why, and where do plants
live and evolve; why are they so diverse; how humans use, grow, and depend on them. We will study basic plant structure and function, modes of reproduction, "adaptions", and interactions
with humans in a historical and evolutionary context: domestication
of crops and its effects on landscape and ecosystems. We will
examine the various use of plants, traditional and modern, by
different civilizations, and what direction the plant-human interaction
is now going (from plant breeding to biotechnology). Two one-hour
lectures, one hour discussion, plus one 2-1/2-hour laboratory
in Matthaei Botanical Gardens, weekly. Labs include plant propagation
and nursery practices for ornamentals, food and forestry species
(seeds, vegetative propagation, bulbs, transplanting, pruning), extraction of chemical compounds (dyes, essential oils, medicinal
active principles), preserving foods, specimens, and genotypes.
Discussions and laboratory ABSOLUTELY REQUIRED; 1-2 term exams
and essays, plus one final project. Cost:1
WL:1 (Granzow-de
la Cerda)
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Times, Location, and Availability
108. Introduction to Animal
Diversity. Credit is granted for a combined total
of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS).
The goal of this course is to describe the diversity of animals. Students will learn about the diversity
of animal life, accumulate information and experience that will
enhance their appreciation of the natural world, and gain background
to enable them to better understand current issues concerning
biodiversity and conservation. Lectures will be presented by faculty
who work with the animals being considered. Topics for each group
of animals studied will include a description of diversity, evolutionary
background, natural history, and issues concerning conservation
or biodiversity. Students will attend three lectures and one discussion
section per week. Participants will read and discuss The Diversity
of Life by E.O. Wilson. They will also have available an
electronic database of images and text that show and describe the organisms treated in lecture. Grades for the course will be
based on three midterms, a paper, and a final exam. Cost:1
WL:1 (Myers)
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Times, Location, and Availability
116. Biology of Sex. Credit
is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory
biology. (3). (NS).
This course covers basic principles of sexuality across living
organisms (e.g., protists, plants, animals) from the
point of view of diversity and evolutionary mechanisms. Lectures
will be divided roughly into one per week concerning non-human
issues of sex, and one specifically concerning the human component
in relation to the same or a similar topic. Rather than using
a comparative approach to read morals and ethics from non-human
behavioural differences, this course seeks to emphasize the similarities
in form, function, and behaviour of human sexuality and non-human
sexuality so that we are understood as merely a product of the
same evolutionary principles and constraints. Most importantly the driving issue of reproductive success will be continually
stressed. Topics include: the origins and maintenance of sex, the anatomical diversity of sex, modes of reproduction, the hormonal
cocktail and its relation to environmental pollutants, biorhythms
and sexual activity, how to attract and choose a mate, and monogamy
versus polygamy, all of which will be considered in a broader
biological and evolutionary framework. A more detailed outline
can be found at http://limnatis.ummz.lsa.umich.edu/BIO116/. Each
week will have a multimedia component such as a film (educational)
or guest lecture as well as discussion sections. In addition to
a mid-course exam and the final exam there will be three take-home
projects. In two, students will be asked to critically assess
primary research papers from the field of behavioural or evolutionary
biology of sex. A variety of papers will be provided and the students
may choose from among them. As well, there will be one take-home
essay assignment in which students will have to research a topic
of their choosing (or provided by the instructor) and write a
review of the current understanding in the field. Grading criteria:
midterm exam 100pts; critique 50 pts each; essay 100pts; final
exam 200pts – total 500 pts. WL:1
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Times, Location, and Availability
124. Cells, Cancer, and Society. Not open to biology concentrators. No credit
granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 224.
(3). (NS). (BS).
This course uses lecture and discussion sections to introduce
non-science concentrators to the science of cancer biology, and has no prerequisites. The term will be divided into three basic
sections. (1) First we will describe the basic concepts in cell
and molecular biology that must be understood before students
can comprehend the mechanisms that lead to the development of
cancer. (2) Next we will use this information to explain current
ideas regarding the causes, prevention, and treatment of cancer.
(3) And finally, we will discuss the relevance of this information
to social issues such as governmental regulation of environmental
cancer-causing agents. Emphasis will be placed on the critical thinking skills that are needed to evaluate the claims that continually
appear in the news media regarding the latest "breakthroughs"
in cancer research. Students will be evaluated through three examinations
and term paper project. Cost:1
WL:1 (Kleinsmith)
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Times, Location, and Availability
150. Introductory Biology
Workshop. Concurrent enrollment in Biol. 152, 154, or 195. (1). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit.
The purpose of this course is to give students in introductory
biology courses the opportunity to engage in small group discussions
about some of the important issues that face biologists. Each
section of this course will be led by a faculty member, and will
have twenty or fewer students. The focus of this course will be
on two areas. About two-thirds of the course will be devoted to
discussion of biological issues in the news, the history of biological
ideas, and ethical issues raised by new discoveries in the biological
sciences. About-one third of the course will be devoted to issues
specific to students considering a concentration in the biological
sciences. Topics to be covered include how to decide between the
five different concentrations, how to find a research opportunity
and a discussion of careers that are available for concentrators
in the biological sciences. Evaluation of students will be through
class participation and short written assignments. Cost:1
WL:1
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Times, Location, and Availability
Section 001 – Animal Behavior. This section is an
introduction to the social behavior of animals, its development, its evolution, and its role in the biology of these animals in their survival and breeding success, especially in birds and mammals.
Importance of animal behavior as it applies to conservation issues
is also considered. We shall read two books on animal behavior
studies in the wild, and discuss these and news articles on animal
behavior and its evolution, and write papers on these readings
and discussions. (Payne)
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Times, Location, and Availability
152. Introduction to Biology:
Term A. Chem. 130, or Chem. 210 placement. No credit
granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 195.
Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in
introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($32) required.
First term of a two-term introductory sequence (152/154)
intended for concentrators in biology, other science programs, or preprofessional studies. Other suitably prepared students wishing
detailed coverage of biology are also welcome. The aims of Biology
152/154 are: (1) to provide factual and conceptual knowledge;
(2) to afford experience in obtaining and interpreting biological
hypotheses; (3) to give an integrated overview of modern biology;
and (4) to develop thinking and writing skills. Topics in Biology
152 are divided among four areas: (a) cellular and molecular biology;
(b) genetics; (c) evolution; and (d) ecology. Students MUST: (1)
attend 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab/discussion section each week;
(2) ATTEND THEIR ASSIGNED LAB/DISC MEETINGS EACH WEEK STARTING
WITH THE FIRST WEEK OR THEIR SPACE MAY BE GIVEN TO SOMEONE ON
THE WAITING LIST; and (3) RESERVE the times and dates for the
midterm and final exams (as specified in the Time Schedule )
before enrolling. Students usually purchase a textbook, lab manual, and course pack consisting of a syllabus and lecture notes. No
other study guides or supplementary materials need be bought.
For Honors credit, register in lecture 002 or 004 of Biology 152
and ANY lab/disc, plus Biology 153 (see below). For further information
contact the Biology 152/154 office, 1039 Chem Bldg (764-1430).
Cost:3 WL:2
, but go to 1039 Chem.
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Times, Location, and Availability
153. Introductory Biology
Honors: Term A. Prior or concurrent enrollment in
Biol. 152 and admission to the College Honors Program. Credit
is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory
biology. (1). (Excl). (BS).
Biology 153 is a one-credit discussion course that is meant
to be taken concurrently with Biology 152, a four-credit lecture/lab
course. The first part of the course will deal with the nature
of science and the scientific method. Science will be viewed as
an approach to viewing the universe. Subjects that will be covered
are the scientific method, hypothesis testing, the roles of logic, creativity, and serendipity in scientific discoveries. From a
more practical point of view, the structure of a scientific paper
will be analyzed. The topics covered in the second part of the
course will vary depending on the instructor. Topics which may
be covered are the genetic code and information theory, the revolution
of molecular biology, genetic engineering and its ethical and social implications, the evolution of biochemical pathways, the
properties of life and the search for life on other planets, the
issue of gender, race, and intelligence. Cost:2
WL:1 (Shappirio)
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Times, Location, and Availability
154. Introduction to Biology:
Term B. Biol. 152. No credit granted to those who
have completed or are enrolled in 195. Credit is granted for a
combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology.
(4). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($32) required.
This course is a continuation of Biology 152, and covers the following topics: (a) plant biology; (b) development; (c)
animal structure and function; and (d) animal behavior. The aims
and format are the same as those for Biology 152. Students MUST:
(1) attend 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab/discussion section each
week; (2) ATTEND THEIR ASSIGNED LAB/DISC MEETINGS EACH WEEK STARTING
WITH THE FIRST WEEK OR THEIR SPACE MAY BE GIVEN TO SOMEONE ON
THE WAITING LIST; and (3) RESERVE the times and dates for the
midterm and final exams (as specified in the Time Schedule)
before enrolling. Students usually purchase a textbook, lab manual
and course pack consisting of a syllabus and lecture notes. No
other study guides or supplementary materials need be bought.
For Honors credit, register in lecture 031 or 033 of Biology 154
and ANY lab/disc. For further information contact the Biology
152/154 office, 1039 Chem Bldg (764-1430). Cost:3
WL:2 , but go to
1039 Chem.
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Times, Location, and Availability
195. Introduction to Biology.
Three science or mathematics courses, including Chem.
130. Biol. 195 may be substituted wherever Biol. 152-154 (or the
equivalent) is a prerequisite. No credit granted to those who
have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 152-154 (or the equivalent).
Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in
introductory biology. (6). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($45) required.
Biology 195 is a one-term alternative to the Biology 152-154
sequence. It differs from 152-154 in the accelerated pace of study
and emphasis on the laboratory. Students who enroll in the course
should be aware of the intense nature of the course and the need
for self-discipline and effective writing skills. Biology 195
is divided into four units (Biology of Cells, Genetics and Development, Biology of Organisms, and Biology of Populations). Unit examinations
test both factual recall and analytical and integrative abilities.
Lectures in Biology 195 reinforce key topics from the reading
assignments and laboratory work and provide in-depth perspectives
in several subdisciplines of biology. The laboratory, which is
central to the course, provides the opportunity to make observations
and perform experiments; these are discussed weekly in recitations.
The course grade is based on examinations, laboratory reports, quizzes, and the student's participation in the course. Students
are required to purchase the textbook Campbell's Biology
(2nd ed.), a course pack, a laboratory kit (at Chem Stores), and a quadrille notebook. For more information concerning the course
or registration, call 763-0495. Attend both first lecture and first recitation. DO NOT CRISP INTO A SECTION YOU CANNOT
ATTEND. Cost:3
WL:1 (Ikuma)
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Times, Location, and Availability
201. Introduction to Research
in the Life Sciences. Grade of B+ or better in Biology
152 or 154. (1). (Excl).
This course is designed to help students identify potential
mentors for independent lab or field research. This course is
particularly appropriate for students in Biology 154, 305, 310, or 311 who hope to join the junior/senior Honors program of the
Biology Department. Membership in the LS&A freshman-sophomore
Honors Program is not required. This course will introduce students
to the diversity of research opportunities in the biological sciences that are available on the Michigan campus, by having a variety
of scientists who sponsor undergraduate research visit the class.
About 2/3 of the visiting scientists will be from the Department
of Biology, while the rest will be from the Medical School and the School of Public Health. Students in the class will be evaluated
based on two short papers, an oral presentation to the class and on their participation in class discussion. Weekly reading assignments
will form the basis of class discussion. This course replaces
Biology 155. Cost:1 WL:1
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Times, Location, and Availability
222. From Message to Mind:
An Introduction to Neurobiology. Biol. 152-154 or
195. (3). (Excl). (BS).
An introduction to molecular, cellular, and systems-level
neurobiology. Topics include: (1) bioelectricity, (2) intercellular
communication, (3) sensory transduction and processing, (4) motor
function, (5) the neural basis of learning and selected regulatory
behaviors, and (6) development of the brain and sensory systems.
Students will be evaluated by exams and participation in discussion.
There are three lecture hours per week. (Oakley)
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Times, Location, and Availability
255. Plant Biology: An
Organismic Approach. (5). (NS). (BS). Satisfies a
Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($60) required.
An introductory botany course covering
a broad spectrum of topics including principles of plant systematics, evolution, growth, and development. The lectures and laboratories
concentrate on a group-by-group treatment of plant diversity, ranging from algae and fungi through primitive vascular plants
and culminating in flowering plants. The approach is an evolutionary
perspective, treating plants as organisms and emphasizing the
innovations and structural adaptations of the various plant groups
as well as life history strategies. Such topics as pollination
biology, plant speciation, and vegetational biomes are included.
The course also includes plant growth and structure. Two field
trips are scheduled. Two one-hour lectures and two three-hour
labs per week. A total of three lecture tests and three laboratory
tests will be scheduled. Text: Raven et al., Biology of Plants,
5th edition. Cost:2
WL:3 (Wynne)
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Times, Location, and Availability
301. Writing for Biologists.
Biol. 152-154 or 195, and English 125. (3). (Excl).
(BS).
Biology 301 has been designed to help biology concentrators
to improve their writing AS BIOLOGISTS. Competence in writing
in biology requires critical evaluation of one's work. In order
to encourage the development of critical thinking, students critique
published work as well as write essays, reviews, and reports.
The heart of the course lies in the weekly interaction between
staff and student through discussion both in class sections and one-on-one. A weekly lecture provides structure and continuity
and allows consideration of other topics such as interviewing
and resume writing, ethics in biology, and the nature of science
and creativity. Cost:1
WL:1 (Helling)
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Times, Location, and Availability
304. The Gene Concept.
Biol. 152 or 195. Prior or concurrent enrollment
in Biol. 305, and admission to the College Honors Program. (2).
(Excl). (BS).
Designed for students who are particularly interest in genetics, including Honors' students, who have taken Biology 305 or who
are concurrently enrolled in Biology 305. The students will be
exposed to the theoretical basis of genetics in a discussion format.
"Classical" articles that contributed to our understanding
of gene transmission, structure, and function will be read and discussed with the students. The instructor will provide background
for each grouping of articles. Pairs of students will be responsible
for leading discussion of assigned articles. Active participation
of all students is expected. In addition, time will be set aside
for discussion of relevant current topics from the media, ethical
considerations, and other issues bearing on the process of genetic
research. A term paper on "The Gene Concept" will be
required – a preliminary draft by the 10th week and a revised
draft by the last day of classes. A course pack will need to be
purchased. Cost:1
WL:1 (S. Allen)
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Times, Location, and Availability
305. Genetics. Biol.
152 or 195. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Biol. 310 or 311, or Biol. Chem. 415, or Chem. 451. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Open to students concentrating in the natural sciences or
intending to apply for graduate or professional study in basic
or applied biology. This introduction to genetics includes the
following sections: DNA and chromosomes; gene transmission in
Eukaryotes; linkage and recombination; genes and enzymes, the
genetic code, and mutation; recombinant DNA, RFLP mapping, the
Human Genome Project; gene regulation, transposons; population
genetics; and quantitative genetics. There are three hours of
lecture each week and one discussion section directed by GSIs.
The discussion sections expand on and review lecture material, and discuss problem assignments. Grading is based on three exams
and a final covering lectures, discussions and reading assignments, and a five-page mini-term paper based on journal articles in a
course pack. Exams include new problems that test applications
of basic concepts and genetic techniques. A practice problem set
is available and is covered in discussion sections or the Genetics
Study Center. Two demonstrations of living material and genetic
tools are given during the term. Films, workshop/review sessions, and the three "hour" exams are given Monday nights.
A CSP section is available. Biology 304 (taught by S.L. Allen)
is available for those with a special interest in Genetics, including
Honors' students. Cost:3
WL:1 (Allen, Clark)
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Times, Location, and Availability
306. Introductory Genetics
Laboratory. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Biol.
305. (3). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement.
Laboratory fee ($70) required.
This course provides students with laboratory experience
on basic genetic principles. Students should have already taken
or be concurrently taking Bio 305 Genetics Lecture. Students will
analyze gene interaction, linkage relationship, and mapping of
unknown mutants of Drosophila through a series of crosses.
By using molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and electrophoresis, the students will locate certain genes
in C. elegans. The experiments in microbial genetics
include mapping by conjugation in E. coli, recombination
analysis by transduction using bacteria and phage, and complementation
tests on "his" mutants of yeast. Students will do karyotyping
of human chromosomes by using their own blood cells, or do a personal
DNA fingerprinting using a polymorphic locus by PCR analysis.
One hour lecture on Mondays 12-1 PM and one three-hour lab are
scheduled each week; additional 3-4 hours of lab time per week
is expected at irregular times. Students are expected to write
two lab reports and to keep a complete and accurate record of
all results and analyses in a bound lab notebook. There are two
tests given during the term. Cost:1
WL:1 (Jeyabalan)
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Times, Location, and Availability
307. Introductory Developmental
Biology. Biol. 152-154 or 195. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course introduces students to the basic principles of
developmental biology. We will emphasize the continuity of developmental
processes by examining the temporal sequence of development from the fertilized egg to the adult, and by examining several levels
of control from the selective expression of genetic information
to the orchestrated generation of complex tissues and organs.
We will cover basic developmental events such as production of
sperm and eggs, fertilization, development of the early embryo, and genesis of organs. We will cover basic developmental processes
such as nucleocytoplasmic interactions, induction, morphogenetic
movements, cellular interactions, and morphogenesis. We will also
evaluate the experimental basis for our understanding of developmental
processes. Grades will be based on several exams and a final.
Cost:4 WL:1 (Ellis, Kuwada)
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Times, Location, and Availability
308. Developmental Biology
Laboratory. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Biol.
307. (3). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement.
Laboratory fee ($45) required.
This course provides students with the opportunity to study
first hand the development of a number of live vertebrate and invertebrate embryos, specifically sea urchin, amphibian, and chick embryos. In addition to observation of normal embryogenesis, students perform several of the experimental analyses which have
contributed to a basic understanding of developmental processes.
Exercises focus on fertilization, developmental morphology, induction, determination and differentiation of various tissues, metamorphosis, and regeneration. In addition to one hour lecture and one scheduled three-hour laboratory session each week, students are expected
to spend about three additional hours in the laboratory each week.
Grades are based on three laboratory tests, a term paper, and lab notebook evaluation. Maintenance of a lab notebook for a complete
and accurate record of observations and experimental results is
required. There is a required lab manual. Cost:1
WL:1 (Jeyabalan)
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Times, Location, and Availability
310. Introductory Biochemistry.
Biol. 152 or 195; and organic chemistry. No credit
granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 311, Biol. Chem. 415, or Chem 451. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This lecture-based course is a rigorous introduction to the
chemistry of biological systems. The course begins with an exploration
of the structure and function of biological macromolecules followed
by the study of the metabolic pathways used for their synthesis
and degradation. The integration and regulation of metabolic pathways
will also be discussed. Discussion sections, directed by graduate
student instructors, are used to review the course material and to discuss problem assignments. Grading will be based on examinations
covering reading assignments, lecture material, and assigned problems.
WL:1 (Guardiola-Diaz)
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Times, Location, and Availability
311. Introductory Biochemistry.
Biol. 152 or 195; and organic chemistry. No credit
granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 310, Biol. Chem. 415, or Chem 451. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This course is taught by a self-paced, personalized system
of instruction. Students interact, according to their own schedules, with undergraduate TA's. The student takes both a written and an oral quiz for each of 12 units which is graded and evaluated
by the TA. If mastery is attained, the student may proceed to the next unit. Grades are assigned according to the number of
units successfully completed and performance on the midterm and final examinations. This system is designed to take into consideration
different rates of individual learning as well as to eliminate
competition among students. TA's are available approximately 75-80
hours/week. Cost:3
WL:1 (Osgood)
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Times, Location, and Availability
325. Principles of Animal Physiology:
Lecture. Biol. 152-154 or 195, and a year of chemistry.
No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled
in Biol. 420. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is an introduction to the physiological view
of animals and emphasizes zoological rather than human aspects.
The course uses evidence from different groups of organisms to
identify the general principles of functional mechanisms. It also
considers variations in these mechanisms as related to the requirements
of the animals but does not attempt a phylogenetic survey. The
course is intended for concentrators and pre-medical students
in their sophomore, junior, or senior years. The subject matter
includes metabolism and temperature regulation, nervous and endocrine
system controls and integration, respiration and circulation, water and ion balance, excretion, digestion, reproduction, and immune system function. There are three one-hour lectures a week, three one-hour examinations, and a final exam. This course may
NOT be elected by students who have already taken Biology 420.
Cost:3 WL:1 (Webb and Duan)
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Times, Location, and Availability
326. Animal Physiology
Laboratory. Concurrent enrollment in Biol. 325. Students
who have taken or intend at a later date to take Biol. 325 will
not be admitted to Biol. 326 without special permission. (2).
(Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory
fee ($70) required.
These laboratory exercises deal (usually concurrently) with
topics covered in the lecture. The laboratory meets for one four-hour
session a week. Students working in small groups present material
for each exercise, collate class data, and perform analyses. A
term paper and oral presentation are required. Students should
have had Biology 325 or be taking it concurrently. Students who
intend at a later date to take Biology 325 will not be admitted
to Biology 326 without special permission. Cost:2
WL:1 (Pavgi)
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Times, Location, and Availability
401. Special Topics in Biology.
Biol. 152-154 or 195. (3). (Excl). (BS). May be repeated
for a total of six credits.
Section 001 – Photosynthesis. This course will explore several
facets of photosynthesis, ranging from electron transport and protein structure, to questions of structure and function that
utilize the techniques of cell and molecular biology. Topics will
include chloroplast function in photosynthesis, structure and function components of the photosynthetic electron transport train, and the biogenesis of the photosynthetic energy-transducing apparatus.
Students should have completed a course in biochemistry. The course
include lectures as well as class discussions of research publications.
Two exams and class participation will form the basis upon which
students will be evaluated. Cost:1
WL:1 (Yocum)
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Times, Location, and Availability
404. Genetics, Development, and Evolution. Biol. 305 or 390. (3). (Excl).
The aim of this course is to synthesize concepts relating
to development and evolution, using genetics as a foundation.
The motivation is that most courses in biology consider phenomena
at a single organizational scale (molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecosystems, or taxa), whereas a complete understanding
of evolution will require the ability to think comfortably at the various hierarchical levels. Lectures will be 90 minutes long.
They will be based on the current literature, and will cover:
paleontology and the shape of the tree of life; comparative embryology
and classical developmental biology; the fundamentals of molecular
genetics with particular attention to developmental regulatory
mechanisms in model organisms; molecular systematics and the new
field of genomic science; and the basics of population genetics
and quantitative genetics. Assessment will involve a combination
of participation in discussion, exams, and a term paper. WL:1 (Gibson, Frohlich)
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Times, Location, and Availability
412. Teaching Biochemistry
by the Keller Plan. Biol. 311 and permission of instructor.
(3). (Excl). This is a graded course. May not be included in any
of the Biological Sciences concentration programs. (EXPERIENTIAL).
Undergraduates who previously have taken an introductory
biochemistry course act as TAs for Introductory Biochemistry (Biology
311). TAs meet with the instructor for a two-hour class each week
for lectures, presentations, and discussions of teaching and biochemistry.
TAs also prepare a report on a recent advance in biochemistry
which they present to their peers and the instructor. The major
roles of the TAs are to examine the students on their mastery
of unit material and to help the students with explanations supplementary
to the textbook. At the completion of an instructor-generated
written quiz, the student and TA grade the quiz together. TAs
learn considerable biochemistry by repeated teachings of unit
materials and, in addition, profit from their experience as teachers
and evaluators. Cost:1
WL:3 (Osgood)
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Times, Location, and Availability
413. Plant Molecular Biology
Laboratory. Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415; and Biol. 305. (3). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement.
Laboratory fee ($70) required.
This is a project lab in which students learn to identify
and analyze plant genes and gene products using the latest techniques
of molecular biology. Emphasis will be on genes encoding unique
plant characteristics. Students will first isolate genes from
DNA libraries of various plant species. They will then analyze the sequence of genes they have isolated by DNA sequencing, and will characterize their copy number and expression levels by various
techniques such as Southern blots, Northern blots, etc.
The genes will then be manipulated to produce the gene products (i.e., proteins) in a bacterial system. WL:1 (Pichersky)
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Times, Location, and Availability
418. Endocrinology. Biol.
152-154 or 195; organic chemistry. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is a comparative study of animal endocrine functions
with emphasis on the cellular origin and chemical nature of hormones, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hormone action, general
endocrine control mechanisms, the evolution of hormones and hormonal
control and their physiological actions in animals. The course
will concentrate on the endocrine systems of vertebrates; there
will be limited treatment of human endocrinology. Instruction
in Biology 418 assumes a basic familiarity with general and comparative
physiology. Training in chemistry through organic is essential, and courses in biochemistry and cell and molecular biology are
helpful. Cost:2
WL:1 (Denver)
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Times, Location, and Availability
425/Anatomy 425. Systems
Neurobiology. Biol. 222, 325 or 422. (3). (Excl).
(BS).
This course treats ensembles of nerve cells as developing
and functional entities. It assumes a level of understanding of
cellular neurobiology such as can be obtained in Biology 325 (Animal
Physiology) or Biology 422 (Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology).
The topics include development of the nervous system, sensory
systems (especially the visual system), motor systems, and behavior.
Students are evaluated by one or more hour exams, one or more
papers, and a final exam. There are three lectures per week, and no optional lab. Cost:3
WL:1 (Easter)
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Times, Location, and Availability
427. Molecular Biology.
Biol. 305 and Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415, or equivalents. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Comprehensive coverage of the general principles governing the structures, synthesis, and functions of DNA, RNA, and proteins
in the context of the cell. Emphasizes understanding methods and interpretation of data. Topics include DNA replication and transposition, chromosome segregation, transcription and translation, the processing
of macromolecules, signal transfer, and regulation at various
levels. Three lectures per week are supplemented by a 1.5 hour
discussion section. There will be two examinations during the
term and a final. Cost:3
WL:1 (Maddock, Nichols)
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Times, Location, and Availability
428. Cell Biology. Biol.
305 and Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415 or their equivalents.
Students with credit for Biol. 320 must obtain permission of instructor.
(4). (Excl). (BS).
Biology 428 is designed to provide students with a comprehensive
overview of the biology of eukaryotes and prokaryotes at the cellular
and molecular level. This course is intended for upper-level undergraduates
and graduate students. The information is presented at a level that requires students to integrate information from their other
biology, chemistry, and biochemistry courses. Topics include:
cell structure and function; cell membranes; intracellular organelles
and cytoskeleton; inter- and intra-cellular signaling; cell development
and cell cycle. Students will be expected to integrate the scientific
data presented in class as well as to read and interpret basic
research drawn from the current scientific literature. Grades
will be based on four exams and the discussion section. Cost:3
WL:1 (Olsen, Bardwell)
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Times, Location, and Availability
429. Laboratory in Cell
and Molecular Biology. Biol. 427 or 428, or concurrent
enrollment in Biol. 428. No credit granted to those who have completed
or are enrolled in Biol. Chem. 416 or 516. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($70)
required.
The course consists of one lecture and one four-hour laboratory
session each week. Additional time outside of scheduled lab sessions
will be required. The laboratory sessions introduce microscopy, cell fractionation, electrophoresis, and tissue culture. Mammalian
systems are given emphasis. The lectures trace the history of
cell biology but emphasize the background of techniques used in the laboratory. Grades are based on two lecture exams and a lab
grant proposal. The course can be used to satisfy requirements
in the Cell and Molecular Biology concentration and Microbiology
concentrations. It is also appropriate for concentrations in Biology.
Cost:2 WL:1 (Mann)
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Times, Location, and Availability
429. Laboratory in Cell and Molecular Biology. Biol. 427 or 428, or concurrent
enrollment in Biol. 428. No credit granted to those who have completed
or are enrolled in Biol. Chem. 416 or 516. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($70)
required.
The course consists of one lecture and one four-hour laboratory
session each week. Additional time outside of scheduled lab sessions
will be required. The laboratory sessions introduce microscopy, cell fractionation, electrophoresis, and tissue culture. Mammalian
systems are given emphasis. The lectures trace the history of
cell biology but emphasize the background of techniques used in the laboratory. Grades are based on two lecture exams and a lab
grant proposal. The course can be used to satisfy requirements
in the Cell and Molecular Biology concentration and Microbiology
concentrations. It is also appropriate for concentrations in Biology.
Cost:2 WL:1 (Mann)
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Times, Location, and Availability
430(515). Molecular Biology
of Plants. Biol. 305, and 310, 311, or Biol. Chem.
415. (3). (Excl). (BS).
The aim of this course is to examine major advances in understanding
molecular processes in plants, and the contribution of molecular
biological techniques to these advances. The course is intended
for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The
course will begin with an overview of the basic techniques of
plant molecular biology such as cloning and sequencing of DNA, transformation, and analysis of gene expression. We will then
examine selected topics in detail, including genome structure
and the evolution of genes, proteins, and biochemical pathways;
photoreception; primary and secondary metabolism; and biotechnology.
A portion of this class will be devoted to reading and discussing
recent research publications. Student performance will be evaluated
on the basis of class participation, two take-home examinations, and a term paper. WL:1 (Schiefelbein)
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Times, Location, and Availability
437. Biology of Invertebrates.
Biol. 152-154 or 195, or introductory geology and two additional natural science courses. (5). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies
a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($55) required.
Animal diversity is reviewed with emphasis on all but vertebrate
animals (most animals are invertebrates; the vertebrates account
for only a part of one of the animal phyla). The distinctions
between the animal phyla and theories regarding their geological
history and evolution are emphasized. A phylogenetic perspective
is presented for a better understanding of animal architecture, patterns of development, and adaptations to the environment. The
basic life functions that all animals share are also emphasized.
The course consists of lectures and laboratory (practical, i.e., hands-on ) sessions. The laboratory emphasizes the study
of living animals, but supportive preserved material is also included.
Evaluation of student accomplishment is by written and practical
laboratory examination. WL:1 (Burch)
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Times, Location, and Availability
468. Mushrooms and Molds:
Biology and Use. Biol. 154. (5). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies
a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($50) required.
The mushrooms and molds have changed the course of human
history and continue to have a profound impact on man and the
global ecosystem as important plant, insect, and human pathogens
and as important nutrient recyclers. Their increasing importance
in biotechnology has brought new recognition to these fascinating
and unique organisms. This course surveys the members of the Kingdom
Fungi, provides an introduction to their ecology, physiology, genetics, and importance in biotechnology, medical mycology, and plant pathology through lectures, laboratories, and field trips.
This course is important for students interested in careers in
biotechnology, medical mycology, biodiversity, plant pathology, forest pathology, systematics, and ecology. Grades are based on three hourly exams and a term project on a topic of the students'
choice. General Biology (Biol 154), or equivalent, is a recommended
prerequisite. Cost:2
WL:3 (Fogel)
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Times, Location, and Availability
478. Advanced Ecology.
A general ecology course (Biol. 381 or equivalent).
(3). (Excl). (BS). May be repeated for a total of six credits.
This course will cover current ecological topics, including
effects of changing environments. The development of these topics
will be placed in a historical perspective of how ideas and research
develop. The philosophy of science, hypothesis testing, and the
development of critical thinking will be emphasized. Students
will lead discussions. Readings will be from the primary literature.
Assignments will include written critiques, a research proposal, and a peer review of proposals. Cost:1
WL:1 (Rathcke)
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Times, Location, and Availability
483. Limnology: Freshwater
Ecology. Advanced undergraduate or graduate standing, with background in physics, chemistry, biology, or water-related
sciences. (3). (Excl). (BS). (QR/1).
This course is part of the Winter Term, 1998, Environmental Theme Semester. Lakes and lake processes will
be discussed from the perspective of identifying environmental
problems and using scientific knowledge to solve the problems.
We will use a series of case studies that include Lake Michigan
and other Great Lakes as well as other lakes in North America, Europe, and Africa. The academic emphasis of the course will be
on understanding and integrating the causes and effects of physical, geological, chemical, and biological aspects of lake environments.
Grades will be based on two 1-hour exams, a final examination, and a paper that proposes a solution to a conceptual problem posed
by the professor. This course meets Biology concentration requirements
in the area of Ecology and Evolution. Cost:1
WL:4 (Lehman)
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Times, Location, and Availability
484. Limnology Laboratory.
Concurrent enrollment in Biol. 483. (3). (Excl).
(BS). (QR/1). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory
fee ($70) required.
Field and laboratory techniques in aquatic science. Several
field trips to local lakes during both ice cover and open water
conditions will enable students to master sampling and measurement
techniques for acquiring physical, chemical, and biological data.
Laboratory work will include chemical analysis of lake water, taxonomy and counting methods for aquatic biota, use of automated
data acquisition technology, and experimental methods applicable
to lake plankton communities. Cost:2
WL:3 ,4
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Times, Location, and Availability
487/NR&E 409. Ecology
of Fishes. One course in ecology. (Lectures: 3 credits;
lectures and lab: 4 credits). (Excl). (BS).
Ecology is the study of interactions which determine the
distribution and abundance of organisms. For fishes, these interactions
can roughly be categorized into physiological, behavioral and population-community interactions. Ecology of Fishes is organized
to examine all of these interactions. Although fishes are emphasized, other aquatic organisms are also included. Also, aquatic ecosystems
of interest include not only local freshwater systems, but also
tropical and marine ones. The course gives special emphasis on
bioenergetics of fish, and how energy flow is viewed on an individual, population, and community level of organization. The course consists
of 3 hours of lecture per week (for 3 credit hours). There is
also an optional lab (3 hours per week) for one more credit hour.
The lab emphasizes field ecology of fishes, as well as laboratory
analyses of energetics and behavior. Evaluation of students is
based on 2 midterm exams and a final exam, which emphasize essay
questions involving synthesis. The lab is evaluated on a lab notebook
and an exam. Reading materials include a course pack (estimated
cost $20) and reserved readings. Cost:1 WL:1 (Diana)
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Times, Location, and Availability
494. Evolution and Human
Behavior. Introductory biology and upperclass standing.
(4). (Excl). (BS).
This course explores the sense in which human behavior can
appropriately be viewed as an outcome of the process of organic
evolution, and the consequences of this proposition. The principles
of modern evolutionary theory are discussed with special reference
to their significance for topics like sexuality, mate choice and pair bonds, parental care, nepotism, social reciprocity, and senescence
and the life pattern. Emphasis is on evolutionary process rather than pattern, thus on natural selection and how it works; but the course begins with lectures on the pattern of evolution of
hominids and the historical geography of humans. Theories of cultural
change and learning are discussed, and efforts are made to relate
cultural patterns and findings of the social sciences to the human
background in biological evolution. A special effort is made to
consider difficult topics such as music, art, humor, ethics, and morality. Discussion sections are oriented toward animal behavior
to complement the lectures and broaden the course. Cost:2-4
WL:3 , course does
not close. (Alexander)
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Times, Location, and Availability
496/NR&E 425. Population
Ecology. General ecology and NR&E 438; calculus
recommended. (4). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory
requirement.
The study of the dynamics of single species populations and systems of multi-species populations is examined. This is accomplished
by reviewing the theoretical explanations for various topics and comparing these predictions with observations and experiments
with animal and plant populations. Topics covered include population
growth and its limiting factors (resource acquisition, life history
patterns, habitat use, and social structure), competition, predation, population cycles, food web structure, and the stability and persistence
of assemblages of populations. Because the theoretical development
of these topics depends upon mathematics, students will find experiences
with introductory calculus useful, and basic statistical knowledge
is useful in understanding the comparison of observed plant and animal populations with the theoretical predictions. The course
consists of two 90-minute lectures, a lab experiment requiring
one hour and a discussion group for one-two hours each week. Students
are evaluated on the basis of two hourly exams, a term paper, weekly short lab reports and participation in the discussion group.
Cost:2 WL:3 (Jensen)
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Times, Location, and Availability
513. Microbial Genetics.
Genetics; and microbiology or biochemistry. (3).
(Excl). (BS).
Lecture and discussion focus on analysis of original papers
dealing with the genetics of E. coli and other prokaryotes.
Topics include mutation and repair, transposition and rearrangement, chromosome maintenance, gene-transfer and acceptance, regulation, and variation and evolution. Midterm, oral report, and/or discussions.
Cost:2 WL:3 (Maddock)
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Times, Location, and Availability
541/Anatomy 541/Physiology
541. Mammalian Reproductive Endocrinology. Biol.
310 or 311, or Biol. Chem. 415. (4). (Excl). (BS).
The course provides an overview of the hormonal regulation
of mammalian reproduction at the system, cellular, and molecular
levels. Topics include basic and clinically-orientated material
related to properties and mechanisms of action of the pituitary
gonadotropic hormones and gonadal sex steroids, the neural control
of reproduction, anatomy and endocrine regulation of the testis
and ovary and of the male and female reproductive tracts, endocrine
control of menstrual and estrous cycles, mechanisms of fertilization
and implantation, and the endocrine basis of pregnancy and fertility
regulation. Primarily for upper-level undergraduates or graduate
students with a strong background in biology. Permission of instructor
is required. Evaluation is by written examinations and presentation
of a poster. The course is team-taught by several members of the
multi-departmental Reproductive Sciences Program. Cost:2
WL:4 (Foster)
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Times, Location, and Availability
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