Anthropology

Courses in Cultural Anthropology (Division 319)

Fall Term, 1998 (September 8-December 21, 1998)

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Courses are arranged by groups:

Introductory Courses,
Ethnology-Regional Courses,
Ethnology-Theory/Method,
Ethnology-Topical Courses,
Linguistic Anthropology,
Archaeology, and
Museum and Reading and Research Courses.

Introductory Courses

256(Biol. Anthro. 256)/NR&E 256. Culture, Adaptation, and Environment. (3). (Excl).
This course provides a wide-ranging introduction to the field of ecological anthropology, focusing on issues related to the management of common property. The main goal for the course is to help students acquire an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of competing approaches to the question of the relationship of ecology to the social world. On the natural science side, the major approaches to be considered are behavioral and systems ecology. From the social sciences, we will investigate the basic techniques of social anthropology, as well as evolutionary game theory. Why combine the social and natural sciences in a single course? Traditionally, social scientists study social systems, and natural scientists study ecosystems. But many of the most important problems in environmental studies only come into focus when we are able to combine both perspectives. This is particularly true of one of the most pressing issues of our time - the management of common property (resources that are held in common and utilized by a social group). Today, the oceans are our common property, and the recent collapse of many fisheries illustrate the dangers posed by over-exploitation, the so-called "tragedy of the commons." To investigate systems of common property, we need to know something about how they function as ecosystems, as well as how societies relate to them. In this course, we will explore systems of common property utilized by a wide range of societies, including Native American salmon fishermen, African nomads, and Asian rice farmers. (Lansing)
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282. Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology. (4). (SS).
This course combines an introduction to the techniques, methods, and theories of modern archaeology with a general survey of world prehistory. In the first half of the course we will consider how archaeologists learn about the past. In the second half of the term we will take a 'greatest hits' tour of world prehistory. In this tour we will focus on the culture of early humans, the peopling of the New World, and on the changing character of culture and society in Europe and North America from the earliest inhabitants through to the beginnings of recorded history. The course is designed to be accessible without prerequisites, but students will find previous coursework in Anthropology useful. There will be three one-hour lectures, plus one discussion section, per week. Requirements: two one-hour exams plus three take-home exercises. (O'Shea)
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286. Food in Human Affairs. (4). (SS).
The course will survey the domestication of plants and animals world-wide. It will examine (1) the cultural and ecological contexts for the domestication of each and (2) the genetic and anatomical consequences as they were selected to become productive food staples. The history of domesticated plants and animals will be explored including their introduction and the sociocultural consequences of new plants and animals in the diet of people around the world. The economic and political consequences of food problems will be discussed - ranging from maize in the New Word to the Irish potato blight, population increases in China and Africa, and the consequences of global change on the food supply. There will be several textbooks and a course pack. In the lecture there will be a midterm and final. In discussion there will be quizzes and research reports to prepare (2-4 pages in length) about different plants and animals. Cost:1 WL:1 (Ford)
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298. Topics in Cultural Anthropology. (3). (SS). May be repeated for a total of twelve credits.
Section 001 - Introduction to Cultural Studies.
Several years ago, civil war broke out between the venerable old dues-paying field of anthropology and the relatively new, patchwork field of cultural studies. Often subterranean and at times rather bitter skirmishes ensued in the pages of academic journals, in classrooms, at conferences, and in seminars. Both were interested in culture as an idea, as an influence, and as a problem. Anthropologists have long been engaged in the tricky and important process of mapping and describing specific cultures as they take shape over time. Cultural studies, "practiced" by a mixed collection of sociologists, historians, scholars of English, comparative literature, and communications, as well as anthropologists, is a newer phenomenon, officially labeled by members of the so-called Birmingham School in the 1970s. According to Richard Johnson their intention, loosely, was to create "an alchemy for producing useful knowledge about the broad domain of human culture." In this class, we will focus on some of the strains that have given rise to something called "cultural studies" over the past 25 years. We will read, discuss, and watch films about some of the fascinating case studies and comments on culture produced by a rich variety of scholars. Particular emphasis will be given to the role of such dominant institutions as schools, the mass media, courts, political structures, and law enforcement in shaping people's attitudes, actions, and responses. Evaluations will be based on attendance, successful completion of readings, class participation, and a series of quizzes and writing assignments. (Hart)
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Ethnology-Regional Courses

302. Sex and Gender in Japan. (3). (Excl).
This course is an exploration of the relationship among sex, gender, and sexuality in Japanese culture and society, past and present. Following a brief introduction to both Japan and key theoretical concepts, we will examine critically the various values, norms, and myths invented, evoked, and perpetuated to valorize and/or to censure various sex and gender roles and modes of sexuality in Japan, including same-sex sexual practices and identities. By the same token, we will also consider how sex, gender, and sexuality can be interpreted, performed, and manipulated either to enforce or to subvert the status quo - sometimes at the same time. Our exploration is organized along more or less chronological and historical lines and covers topics ranging from kinship, marriage, mythology, colonialism, militarization, race and ethnicity, sex workers in wartime and peacetime, work and play, sports, gay and lesbian life and politics, and images of sexuality in the mass media. Apart from completing the readings for each class meeting, students are responsible for class discussions, an essay-style midterm exam, an eight-page paper, and an essay-style final examination. (Robertson)
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314/Amer. Cult. 313. Cuba and its Diaspora. (4). (Excl).
This course examines Cuban history, literature, and culture since the Revolution both on the island and in the United States diaspora. In political and cultural essays, personal narratives, fiction, poetry, drama, visual art and film, we will seek a comprehensive and diverse view of how Cubans and Cuban-Americans understand their situation as people of the same nation divided for thirty-five years by the Cold War, revolution, and exile. Topics will include: discussions of race, ethnicity, and intolerance in the context of Cuba and the diaspora, the meaning of diasporas in the twentieth century, Fidel Castro and the making of the Cuban Revolution, masculinity and gay sexuality in the Revolution and Cuban diaspora, women's dreams, everyday life under communism, Afrocuban culture and religion, the Cuban arts movement, and construction and deconstruction of exile identity. We will read and discuss the writings of Fidel Castro, Oscar Hijuelos, Edmundo Desnoes, Reinaldo Arenas, Lourdes Casal, Senel Paz, Dolores Prida, and Carmelita Tropicana, among others, and view major Cuban feature and documentary films. Students are expected to participate actively in class discussions and do independent research for a final essay as well as write two short essays and maintain a film journal. Each student will sign up for an oral presentation for one week of the course and will lead the discussion for that day's reading. The class will meet for four hours per week, 3 hours lecture and 1 hour of discussion. There will be additional time (1 to 1-1/2 hours per week) to view documentary films. The intended audience is undergraduates of all levels. (Behar)
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315. Native American Peoples of North America. (4). (SS).
Native American communities, often deeply rooted in traditional places and voices - despite relocations and losses of native languages - all involve strong family ties and histories of local and regional power struggles. In this course, we look at cross cultural dynamics and tribal identities in political encounters between Native American peoples and various others: developers, environmentalists, educators, other governmental authorities, poets, and social scientists, to name a few. Key issues include land rights, family relations, alcoholism, and freedom of religion. We also look at contemporary Native American fiction, non-fiction, and film documentaries as cultural forces which challenge others' constructions of who Native American peoples are. A recurrent question: what are the limits and possibilities of self-definition for Native American peoples, in what circumstances? WL:1 (Bierwert)
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409. Peoples and Cultures of the Near East and North Africa. Junior standing. (3). (Excl).
This course provides a survey of cultures in the region extending from Morocco to Iran, with an emphasis on Arabic-speaking, Islamic societies. It is equally a course about a region-focused tradition of anthropological inquiry, one marked by important shifts in topics, theories, and styles of account-making. We will consider changing treatments of recurrent themes, including nomads and tribes, rural and urban lifestyles, saint cultures and popular religion, kinship and gender, and the written tradition of Islamic movements. The course will combine lectures with class discussions, and the readings will be primarily from recent monographs. Assessment will be based on two take-home exams, with an additional short paper for graduate students. (Messick)
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416/Hist. 476. Latin America: The Colonial Period. (4). (SS).
See History 476. (Frye)
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442/ACABS 413/Hist. 440. Ancient Mesopotamia. Junior standing. (3). (HU).
See Ancient Civilizations and Biblical Studies 413. (Yoffee)
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Ethnology-Theory/Method

332. Social Forms. Sophomore standing. (4). (SS).
Section 001 - Exchange, Possessions, and Value.
A lecture course which introduces core problems in social anthropology, centering on how the organization of societies affects the lives and experiences of the people who live in them. The course takes a variety of topics in succession, exploring the principles central to different societies and showing how anthropologists analyze them. Topics covered may include material possessions and values, family life, and the sense of personal identity. This year's topic concerns the role of material objects in social and subjective life under different economic systems. We ask questions such as these: how do people identify themselves with their valuables? How do goods help people form relations with one another? What is the difference between a gift, a commodity, and money? Why are some things priceless? Open to students of all concentrations. Cost:2 (Keane)
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447. Culture, Racism, and Human Nature. Two courses in the social sciences. (3). (Excl).
This course examines the possible origins of culture to understand the unique behavior and historical development of Homo sapiens and traces the salient features of human history and contemporary modernity to discuss and explain the nature of humans. The understanding of the nature of humans and their development will enable the students to comprehend, explain and resolve racism, part of a pan-human phenomenon. Is racism fundamental to the character of human culture? The course will suggest that many of our modern social problems have a common generation - the nature of human culture. That would suggest that the solutions will require a social transformation in the character of human culture. These examinations of human culture will require us to return to the discussions of Leslie White (culture is autonomous) and Alfred Kroeber (culture is superorganic) to determine the possibilities of social transformations that contemporary society may require. Cost:3 WL:3 (Williams)
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Ethnology-Topical Courses

451/CAAS 459. African-American Religion. One introductory course in the social sciences. (3). (Excl).
This course will examine the nature of religion in the lives of humans, within the framework of culture, and as a pervasive social institution. It will focus on the special case of the intensive and involved character of religion in the history and the lives of African-Americans. These special uses of religion create special problems. We will analyze those problems. The course objectives are to: (1) introduce the subject of religion as a social institution, as a pervasive component of culture, and as a contemporary adjustment and adaptation to peculiar social problems; (2) demonstrate how an anthropological analysis can be used to understand religion in contemporary society; (3) develop skills in critical thinking and analysis; (4) present the relationship between culture, institutions, religion, subculture, and the nature of man (humans); and (5) enable students to understand the religious institutions of humans generally and African-Americans specifically. The course is open to all students, and it requires no special background or preparation. There will be two examinations. Class participation and attendance are required. Cost:3 WL:3 (Williams)
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458. Topics in Cultural Anthropology. Permission of instructor. (3). (Excl). May be repeated once for a total of six credits.
Section 001 - The Colonial Order of Things in Southeast Asia: A Comparative Perspective.
This seminar on the cultures of colonialism in Southeast Asia is not a regional course. We'll focus on the colonial perceptions, practices, and imperial contexts in which colonial ventures were pursued, and look at select colonial encounters in parts of Southeast Asia, particularly the Dutch East Indies/Indonesia, to address some of the major issues in the study of colonialism, and to familiarize students with the political and analytic dilemmas that arise in studying and identifying "the colonial" in postcolonial politics and in anthropology, history, and cultural studies today. We will examine the historical processes by which the categories of "colonizer" and "colonized" have been created by looking at gender politics, racial thinking, and class vision, with attention given to changes in colonial historiography, the interface of colonial power and the production of colonial knowledge. Undergraduates have the option of doing one book review and two essays, or one book review and a final exam. Graduate students are required to do the book review and a research paper. All students do short weekly commentaries on the readings. Readings are available in a course pack and at Shaman Drum. (Stoler)

Section 002 - Time and Space. Different groups have different ways of thinking about the world and of acting upon and in it. Anthropologists, historians, and others have shown this to be true even for what we might think the most basic frameworks of all human activity: time and space. Anthropologists study differences in concepts of time and space from one society/culture to another, while historians look for how such concepts change through time. The task of this course is to encourage students to think about time and space in ways one ordinarily does not, so as to stop taking for granted our own notions of these concepts as the only "natural" way of thinking about them. By thinking of time and space as concepts instead of as natural and given, the instructors aim to present these as things human beings make up. There will be a lecture session for this course, then students will migrate into smaller discussion sections led by the instructors. Undergraduates will have an exam; graduate students a paper as requirement for the final grade. There will also be a midterm. (Verdery/Cohen)
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Linguistic Anthropology

472/Ling. 409. Language and Culture. (3). (HU).
Language and culture have often been described as mutually reinforcing and constraining systems of meaningful coherence. This course will explore not only parallels, but also tensions between linguistic and sociocultural forms and practices. Readings will probe, among other things, how language informs cultural categories (such as time and space, agency and affect), and how participants frame verbal communication (as ritual or "everyday," engaged or ironic). We will devote particular attention to assumptions, in a variety of societies, about how comprehension and misunderstanding work, and to ways in which such assumptions reproduce inclusion or exclusion. (Lemon)
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473/Ling. 473. Ethnopoetics: Cross-Cultural Approaches to Verbal Art. Two courses in anthropology, linguistics, or literature. (3). (Excl).
How do we listen to the verbal arts of nonwestern peoples without imposing our preconceived folk ideas about form, performance, authorship, and textuality? And if we do manage to hear and study these arts in their own "terms," can we translate and represent them without making a caricature of these sources? This course will consider efforts by anthropologists, linguists, poets, folklorists, and literary theorists to address these questions at several levels: (1) working our methodologies which allows us to see the poetics in others' arts; (2) critically assessing the methodologies; and (3) exploring theories about differences between oral literatures and written traditions as well as the cultural shaping of literatures. We will also consider what ways this work contributes to reshaping anthropology itself. (Bierwert)
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572(478)/Ling. 542. Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Ling. 414 or graduate standing. (3). (Excl).
See Linguistics 542. (Milroy)
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Archaeology

492. Prehistory of Oceania. Anthro. 101, 282, or junior standing. (3). (Excl).
This course explores the spread of people into the islands of the Pacific Ocean, beginning with the colonization of Australia about 50,000 years ago and continuing up to the spread of the Polynesians to the most distant isles. Ecological, Human Biological, Linguistic, and Archaeological data will be brought to bear on both specific historical problems and some of the broad anthropological concerns that have made Oceania a source of new ideas for anthropologists for almost a century. The basis of student evaluation includes an in-class essay midterm and final, or original independent research paper. Required texts: A course pack and a book by Patrick Vinton Kirch The Evolution of Polynesian Chiefdoms (NY, C.U.P., 1984). The method of instruction is lecture and illustrative materials. Cost:1 WL:3 (Wright)
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593. Archaeological Systematics. Senior concentrators, graduates, with permission of instructor. (3). (Excl).
This course is designed principally for graduate students in anthropology. It examines the epistemological basis for archaeology, major theoretical frameworks for reconstructing past human organization and studying its change, and methodological approaches appropriate for such investigations. The course is designed as a seminar, with strong emphasis on active student participation. There are no exams, but a paper is required at the end of the term. Prerequisites include graduate standing in anthropology, or permission of the instructor. (O'Shea)
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Courses in Biological Anthropology (Division 318)


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