Courses in Biology (Division 328)

Fall Term, 1998 (September 8-December 21, 1998)

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100. Biology for Nonscientists. Not open to those with Advanced Placement or "Departmental" credit in biology, nor to those concentrating in the biological sciences. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS).
Biology 100 is a one-term course designed to introduce students to current biological concepts. The course consists of three hours of lecture per week plus a coordinated discussion session which occupies two hours per week. Biology 100 provides an introduction to some general principles of biology and concentrates on the areas of cell biology, genetics, evolution, and environmental biology. A major objective of this course is to point out to students the nature of the scientific process and illustrate the uses and non-uses of science in contemporary life. Wherever possible, the ethical and social implications of contemporary scientific effort will be discussed. This course is designed for students with a minimal background in the biological sciences but we do assume some exposure to biology at the high school level. Discussion sections enroll 20 students and are taught by graduate student instructors. In the discussion section, students have the opportunity to review material presented in lecture and participate in discussions of issues raised in the lecture segment. Cost:3 WL:1; you MUST attend the first discussion section to claim your place in the course. (Goldberg)
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101. Biology and Human Affairs. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS).
This course is an introduction to those aspects of biology that have direct applicability to the lives of people in today's world. It covers current controversies within biology, especially as they relate to human life and human affairs. Topics discussed include race, health, and the environment. Background information is given for each topic, but the emphasis is placed on the controversies and the role of science in human affairs. In addition to the two lectures per week, there is a two-hour discussion period in which the topics are further explored and films are frequently shown. Cost:3 WL:1 (Vandermeer)
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Visit our Web Site:  http://www.sprl.umich.edu/GCL (Killeen, Allan, Kling, Teeri, van der Pluijm)
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150. Introductory Biology Workshop. Concurrent enrollment in Biol. 152, 154, or 195. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (1). (Excl). Offered mandatory credit/no credit.
Small groups of students meet weekly with a faculty member for group discussions on topics selected by the faculty member. Topics may include biological issues in the news, history of biological ideas, and ethical issues in biological sciences. Students will be introduced to biological research through discussion of faculty research projects and tours of active research laboratories and museum collections. Such tours will be coupled with discussion of scientific questions being pursued in the laboratories visited. Introductory students will have the opportunity to interact directly with a faculty member who will introduce them not only to the basic areas of scientific research but also to the structure and opportunities available in biology concentration programs. Evaluation of students will be through class participation and short written assignments. WL:1
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152. Introduction to Biology: Term A. Chem. 130, or Chem. 210 placement. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 195. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($32) required.
First term of a two-term introductory sequence (152/154) intended for concentrators in biology, other science programs, or preprofessional studies. Other suitably prepared students wishing detailed coverage of biology are also welcome. The aims of Biology 152/154 are: (1) to provide factual and conceptual knowledge, (2) to afford experience in obtaining and interpreting biological hypotheses, (3) to give an integrated overview of modern biology, and (4) to develop thinking and writing skills. Topics in Biology 152 are divided among four areas: (a) cellular and molecular biology, (b) genetics, (c) evolution, and (d) ecology. Students MUST: (1) attend 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab/discussion section each week; (2) ATTEND THEIR ASSIGNED LAB/DISC MEETINGS EACH WEEK STARTING WITH THE FIRST WEEK OR THEIR SPACE MAY BE GIVEN TO SOMEONE ON THE WAITING LIST; and (3) RESERVE the times and dates for the midterm and final exams (as specified in the Time Schedule) before enrolling. Students usually purchase a textbook, lab manual, and course pack consisting of a syllabus and lecture notes. No other study guides or supplementary materials need be bought. For honors credit, register in lecture 002 or 004 of Biology 152 and ANY lab/disc, plus Biology 153 (see below). For further information contact the Biology 152/154 office, 1039 Chem Bldg (764-1430). Cost:3 WL:2, but go to 1039 Chem. (M. Ammerlaan)
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153. Introductory Biology Honors: Term A. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Biol. 152 and admission to the College Honors Program. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (1). (Excl). (BS).
Biology 153 is a one-credit discussion course that is meant to be taken concurrently with Biology 152, a four-credit lecture/lab course. The first part of the course will deal with the nature of science and the scientific method. Science will be viewed as an approach to viewing the universe. Subjects that will be covered are the scientific method, hypothesis testing, the roles of logic, creativity, and serendipity in scientific discoveries. From a more practical point of view, the structure of a scientific paper will be analyzed. The topics covered in the second part of the course will vary depending on the instructor. Topics which may be covered are the genetic code and information theory, the revolution of molecular biology, genetic engineering and its ethical and social implications, the evolution of biochemical pathways, the properties of life and the search for life on other planets, the issue of gender, race, and intelligence. Cost:2 WL:1
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154. Introduction to Biology: Term B. Biol. 152. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in 195. Credit is granted for a combined total of 12 credits elected in introductory biology. (4). (NS). (BS). Laboratory fee ($32) required.
This course is a continuation of Biology 152, and covers the following topics: (a) plant biology; (b) development; (c) animal structure and function; and (d) animal behavior. The aims and format are the same as those for Biology 152. Students MUST: (1) attend 3 lectures and one 3-hour lab/discussion section each week; (2) ATTEND THEIR ASSIGNED LAB/DISC MEETINGS EACH WEEK STARTING WITH THE FIRST WEEK OR THEIR SPACE MAY BE GIVEN TO SOMEONE ON THE WAITING LIST; and (3) RESERVE the times and dates for the midterm and final exams (as specified in the Time Schedule) before enrolling. Students usually purchase a textbook, lab manual, and course pack consisting of a syllabus and lecture notes. No other study guides or supplementary materials need be bought. For honors credit, register in lecture 031 or 033 of Biology 154 and ANY lab/disc. plus Bio. 201. For further information contact the Biology 152/154 office, 1039 Chem Bldg (764-1430). Cost:3 WL:2, but go to 1039 Chem. (M. Ammerlaan)
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201. Introduction to Research in the Life Sciences. Grade of B+ or better in Biology 152 or 154. (1). (Excl).
This course is designed to help students identify potential mentors for independent lab or field research. This course is particularly appropriate for students in Biology 153 or 154, 195 or 305, 310, or 311 who hope to join the junior/senior Honors Program of the Biology Department. Membership in the LS&A freshman-sophomore Honors Program is not required. This course will introduce students to the diversity of research opportunities and approaches to research in the biological sciences that are available on the Michigan campus, by having a variety of scientists who sponsor undergraduate research visit the class. About 2/3 of the visiting scientists will be from the Department of Biology, while the rest will be from the Medical School and other schools at the University of Michigan. Students in the class will be evaluated based on two short papers, an oral presentation to the class, and on their participation in class discussion. Weekly reading assignments will form the basis of class discussion. Cost:1 WL:1
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209. Introductory Plant Physiology Lectures. Biol. 152-154 or 195; college physics recommended. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is offered for students intending to concentrate in botany and related sciences. It is a required course in the botany concentration program, satisfies the physiology requirement of the biology concentration program, and serves as an elective in other concentrations. The content of the course material falls into three sequential parts: (1) plant cell physiology which covers enzyme action, respiratory and carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism; (2) cellular and internal transport, including plant nutrition, ion uptake, cell water relations, plant water relations, and translocation; and (3) plant growth and development in which a variety of factors that influence plant growth and development, such as hormones, light, photoperiodism, and temperature are discussed. The lectures serve as the major source of information, and are intended to introduce the basic concepts and mechanisms that underlie plant functions. Six exams; two exams per part; take-home format. Students must purchase the assigned textbook and a course pack. Because of the highly empirical nature of plant physiology, students are recommended to take the laboratory (Biol. 210) with this course. This course is offered ONLY in the Fall term. Cost:3 WL:3 (Ikuma)
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210. Plant Physiology Laboratory. Prior or concurrent enrollment in Biol. 209. (3). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($65) required.
This laboratory course is offered to supplement and complement the plant physiology lectures (Biol. 209), and the laboratory exercises are organized to follow closely the three main sequential parts covered in lecture: i.e., (1) plant cell physiology, (2) cellular and internal transport, and (3) plant growth and development. Plant physiology is a highly empirical science. The lab exercises are designed to have students experience representative experiments in each of the three parts and learn a variety of experimental approaches used in modern plant physiology. This course serves as one of the three lab courses required in the biology concentration program. Offered only in the Fall. Cost:1 WL:3 (Ikuma)
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224. Biology of Cancer. Biol. 152. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 124. (3). (NS). (BS).
The Biology of Cancer is a lecture/discussion course designed to provide students with a basic understanding of the biological events associated with the development of cancer. This course is organized around three fundamental questions: what is cancer, what are the causes of cancer, and can cancer be cured or prevented? Lectures will include descriptions of classical and recent experiments which address these questions, and will also provide students with the vocabulary and background needed to critically read and evaluate technical literature dealing with the subject of cancer. Student performance will be evaluated by a combination of exams and a term paper based upon library research. In order to provide the time required for this library research, the lecture-discussion meetings will be dismissed for approximately one week late in the term. There will be no assigned textbook, but some reading will be assigned from the course pack. The class will meet twice a week for an hour and a half; in general, meetings will consist of a one hour lecture followed by questions and discussion. A weekly hour and a half discussion session will also be held. Cost:1 WL:1 (Kleinsmith)
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252. Chordate Anatomy and Phylogeny. Biol. 152-154 or 195. (4). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($60) required.
This course teaches the comparative method, using the "three-fold parallelism" of anatomy, ontogeny, and paleontology. All examples are based on chordate animals, with emphasis on their anatomy and development. The introductory third of the course includes the theoretical basis of the comparative method, principles of evolutionary theory and speciation, and phylogenetics. The remainder of the course involves application of the method, with a survey of chordate structure, including the integument, skeleton, muscles, and the circulatory, urogenital, digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems. The laboratory provides practical experience in the comparative method, including dissections. There are three one-hour lectures per week and one three-hour laboratory. There are two hourly examinations and a final examination for the lecture, and a one-hour laboratory practical exam. A detailed syllabus and laboratory manual, rather than an assigned textbook, are used. Cost:1 WL:1 (Kluge)
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281. General Ecology. Biol. 152 and 154 and a laboratory course in chemistry. (3). (NS). (BS).
The course introduces the basic concepts and principles of ecology as applied to the study of individuals, populations, and communities of both plants and animals. Course topics include the roles of physical and biotic factors influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms, the dynamics of population growth, species interactions including competition, predation, mutualism, the structure of ecological communities, ecological succession, and applications of ecology to problems of environment and resource management. Biology 281 is a suitable prerequisite for intermediate and advanced courses in ecology. There will be lectures, discussions, and computer simulations. Three exams will constitute the main basis of evaluation. Cost:2 WL:1 (Rathcke)
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282. General Ecology Laboratory. Biol. 152 and 154, a laboratory course in chemistry, and concurrent or prior enrollment in Biol. 281. (3). (Excl).
This laboratory course introduces the basic concepts and methods used in ecological research. The laboratories consist of both field and laboratory research projects, field trips, computer simulations, and an independent research project that is designed by each student. Students will write up laboratory reports and a paper on their independent research, give an oral presentation on their independent research, and participate in laboratory discussions. Cost:1 WL:1 (Rathcke)
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301. Writing for Biologists. Biol. 152-154 or 195, and English 125. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Biology 301 has been designed to help biology concentrators to improve their writing as professional biologists. Course structure and content have been planned to give students practice in the kinds of writing that biologists actually do, to help them understand the basis for effective writing, and to give them the tools to become their own best critics. The work load of the course consists of a series of assigned paper, critiques of published papers, peer critiques, and short writing exercises. The effectiveness of the course derives primarily from the close interaction between staff and student, both in weekly class sections and in individual conferences. A weekly lecture provides structure and continuity. WL:1 (Martin)
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310. Introductory Biochemistry. Biol. 152 or 195; and organic chemistry. No credit granted to those who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 311, Biol. Chem. 415, or Chem 451. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Introductory Biochemistry is designed to be a general introduction to the chemistry of biological systems. This course will furnish basic information concerning the organization of chemical reactions in cells and will include information on the enzymes that catalyze these reactions as well as on the interactions between different pathways. Topics covered include: amino acid structure and nomenclature, protein structure and function, enzyme kinetics, nucleic acids, intermediary metabolism, photosynthesis, and regulation of metabolism. This is a lecture based course. The final grade is based on a midterm, a final, and quizzes and presentations in discussion.
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320. Cellular Physiology. Biol. 152-154 or 195; Chem. 215. Not open to students who have completed or are enrolled in Biol. 427 or 428. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This lecture course aims to provide (1) understanding of basic functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, (2) appreciation of the experimental evidence that has established our current understanding, (3) through study of how evidence is used, inferences about how science works, and (4) awareness of how cellular and molecular biology contribute to human affairs. Interdependence of intracellular structure and function is stressed, along with efforts to phrase explanations in molecular and evolutionary terms. Course content includes: introduction to cell functions and diversity; membrane structure and function; organelle function and biogenesis; properties of cell surfaces; intracellular transport; secretion; cell cycle; cytoskeleton; and methods for study of cell function. The aim is to provide a selected background in cellular and molecular biology for biology concentrators and others. Most students enrolling have a foundation in biology, and may have completed either genetics or biochemistry. For more detailed treatment, students should take Biology 427 or 428. There is a textbook; purchase is optional, but recommended. Recommended readings are on reserve in the Shapiro Library. Exams include questions which require interpretation of data, formulation or test of hypotheses, and interpretation of experiments. Students whose introductory biology course lacked contents of Biol. 152 or 195 may have greater difficulty with this course, but difficulty can be overcome via prior study of biochemistry and genetics. Cost:2 WL:1 (Shappirio, 764-1491)
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355/NR&E 337. Woody Plants I: Biology and Identification. Biol. 152 or 195. (4). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($45) required.
The identification of trees, shrubs, and vines is the basis for the study of their biology and ecology. Woody plants are studied in their natural ecosystems - including upland (oak-hickory, beech-sugar maple, lake plain), wetland (swamp, bog), and floodplain forests. Non-native species and ornamental plants are taught in the Saginaw Forest, Stinchfield Woods, Nichols Arboretum, and main campus. An introduction to the biology and ecology of woody plants is given in lectures. Topics include vegetative and reproductive morphology; woody plant biology, ecology, and diversity; variation and genetics; systematics of woody plants; ornamental plants; and winter conditions. Also discussed are important trees of southern and western U.S., China, and the tropics. Field trips are scheduled from 1:00 to 6:00 once a week. Michigan Trees (Barnes and Wagner) is the required textbook. Grading is based on 60% on plant identification (field quizzes and exams and indoor identification exams); 40% on lecture material (two hour-exams). Cost:1 WL:2, at SNRE Office of Academic Programs, 1024 Dana. (Wagner)
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380. Oceanography: Marine Ecology. Biol. 152-154 or 195, and at least one term of college chemistry or physics. (3). (Excl). (BS).
Marine ecology is a study of the organisms and processes of the ocean, including both pelagic and benthic communities. This course teaches physical and chemical aspects, but concentrates on biological aspects of oceanography, and applies ecological and evolutionary principles to the study of marine life. Lectures introduce the major groups of marine organisms and cover the interrelationships of marine organisms and their environments. Organisms and communities from the following habitats are discussed: estuaries, the rocky intertidal, coral reefs, the coastal zone, the deep sea, and the open ocean. The course treats organisms as different as bacteria and whales. Fulfills the undergraduate Biology concentration requirements for a course in Biological Evolution and Diversity, and is required for the Marine Biology option of the undergraduate Oceanography concentration. Grading is based on two one-hour exams plus a comprehensive final. Cost:2 WL:3 (Lehman)
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390. Evolution. Biol. 152-154. (4). (Excl). (BS).
This lecture course covers the fundamentals of evolutionary biology with a focus on living organisms. It includes a historical survey of the development of evolutionary theory from ancient philosophers to the present, and critical examination of phylogenetic systematics, natural selection, population genetics, molecular evolution, microevolution, and macroevolution. Weekly discussions will focus on primary literature. Two midterm tests and one cumulative final exam will test students' knowledge of lecture material. Writing assignment(s) based on readings from the primary scientific literature will be required. Cost:2 WL:1 (Tucker)
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406. Molecular Genetics of Plant Development. Biochemistry (Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415), and Genetics (Biol. 305). (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is focused on the molecular basis of plant development. Emphasis is placed on the genetic and molecular mechanisms employed by plants to generate regular patterns of cells, tissues and organs, and to modify those patterns in response to internal and external signals. Following a general introduction to plant molecular biology methods and approaches. The topics will include embryogenesis, meristem function, organ formation, gametogenesis, cell differentiation, plant hormone action, developmental responses to the environment, and signal transduction. These topics will be explored through lecture material and class discussions based on the primary literature. Students will be exposed to the design of experimental approaches and the critical evaluation of research papers. Emphasis is placed on the use of model plant species for the dissection of developmental processes at the molecular and genetic levels. Student evaluation is based on participation in the class discussions and presentations. One midterm and the final exam. Cost:1 WL:1 (Schiefelbein)
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411. Protein Structure and Function. Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415.(3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is a practical hands-on approach to extract information about protein sequence analysis tools available on the web. Students in the course will also identify 3D protein strucural motifs, discuss how they are related to the proteins' functions and discuss how proteins fold. (Bardwell)
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422/Anatomy 422. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. Biol. 152-154 or 195, one year of physics, prior or concurrent enrollment in biochemistry. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course deals primarily with the properties of individual nerve cells, and small groups of nerve cells. This provides the basis for understanding information processing by the nervous system, learning and memory, development of neurons, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Considerable emphasis will be placed on understanding the molecules that endow the nervous system with these properties. Cost:1 WL:1 (Kuwada, Oakley)
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427. Molecular Biology. Biol. 305; and Biol. 310 or 311, or Biol. Chem. 415. (4). (Excl). (BS).
Comprehensive coverage of the general principles governing the structures, synthesis, and functions of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the context of the cell. Emphasizes understanding methods and interpretation of data. Topics include genome organization, DNA replication and transposition, chromosome segregation, transcription and translation, the processing of macromolecules, signal transfer, and regulation at various levels. Three lectures per week are supplemented by a 1.5 hour discussion section. There will be two examinations during the term and a final. Cost:4 WL:1 (Helling, Pichersky)
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436(336). Introductory Immunology. Biol. 305 and biochemistry (Biol. 310, 311, or Biol. Chem. 415). (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course is intended to introduce pre-professional and biology concentrators to the experimental and theoretical principles of immunology. Topics covered will include a detailed study of the organs, cells, and molecules that constitute the immune system; the humoral and cellular immune responses; antibodies as biological and biomedical research tools; and the role of the immune system in organ transplants, cancer, and AIDS. Grades are based on three exams. The course is appropriate for concentrations in biology, microbiology, and cell and molecular biology. Cost:2 WL:1 (Mann)
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459. Systematic Botany. Biol. 152-154 or 195, or Biol. 255. (4). (Excl). (BS). Satisfies a Biology laboratory requirement. Laboratory fee ($30) required.
Plant biodiversity taught with lectures, color projection slides, specimens, living plants, and laboratories. Emphasis at level of orders, families, and genera, temperate and tropical, to familiarize students with all parts of the world. Focuses mainly on flowering plants but also gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Phylogeny provides the framework: Hypothetical ancestors and different lines are analyzed, e.g., pinks (Caryophyllidae), roses (Rosidae), trees (Hamamelidae), lilies (Liliidae), etc. Subjects like habitats, endangered species, geography, biosystematics, cladistics, floral biology are given special lectures. Plant biosystematics is essential to botanists but the course is needed also by conservationists, ecologists, zoologists, foresters, and ethnobotanists. Some students take the course simply because they enjoy plants. Two midterms, a final, and lab quizzes. (Anderson, Wagner)
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481. Population Dynamics and Ecology. A course in ecology. Calculus is strongly recommended. (4). (Excl). (BS).
An examination of the principles of population ecology. Theoretical and empirical research on population dynamics and regulation of managed and natural populations are emphasized, as well as the development of the mathematical and computer skills for modeling dynamics of single and interacting populations. Specific topics include concepts of linear and nonlinear dynamics, demography, life history evolution, density-dependence and population regulation, and basic models of competition, mutualism, predator-prey, host-disease, and other population interactions. A background in ecology or permission of the instructor is required. There will be two 1.5 hour lectures and one two hour discussion section a week. Discussion sections will cover original readings from the literature and techniques for modeling populations. Course requirements include computer modeling projects and writeups, a midterm, and a final. (Goldberg, Vandermeer, Wilson)
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499. Dynamic Systems in Population and Community Ecology. A course in calculus and Biol. 481. (3). (Excl). (BS).
This course will first cover classical notions of dynamic systems theory (e.g., Rayleigh's model of musical instruments, Duffing's non-linear oscillator, the Van der Pol oscillator, Poincare's three-bodied problem) and elementary notions of dynamic systems in ecology (Lotka-Volterra-style equations of predation, competition, and mutualism, 1-D models of logistic and higher order maps). Second, the course will explore the more recent developments in dynamics, as applied to population and community ecology. Some of the topics include chaotic behavior of 1-D maps, strange attractors and chaotic behavior in classical systems, new analytical techniques for analyzing experimental data (e.g., Poincare sections, Lyapunov exponents), pattern in chaotic systems. Each student is expected to develop a model of an ecological system and explore whatever complicated dynamics are contained therein. Cost:1 WL:1 (Vandermeer)This course will first cover classical notions of dynamic systems theory (e.g., Rayleigh's model of musical instruments, Duffing's non-linear oscillator, the Van der Pol oscillator, Poincare's three-bodied problem) and elementary notions of dynamic systems in ecology (Lotka-Volterra-style equations of predation, competition, and mutualism, 1-D models of logistic and higher order maps). Second, the course will explore the more recent developments in dynamics, as applied to population and community ecology. Some of the topics include chaotic behavior of 1-D maps, strange attractors and chaotic behavior in classical systems, new analytical techniques for analyzing experimental data (e.g., Poincare sections, Lyapunov exponents), pattern in chaotic systems. Each student is expected to develop a model of an ecological system and explore whatever complicated dynamics are contained therein. Cost:1 WL:1 (Vandermeer)
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521. Bacterial Physiology II: Carbon Metabolism. Biol. 305, and Biol. 310 or 311 or Biol. Chem. 415. (1). (Excl). (BS).
This course will focus on central metabolism especially the catabolism of glucose, lactose, and amino acids. Among the topics considered will be (1) "The memory paradox" where bacterial cells remember how they were grown 40 generations ago in the absence of external reminder; (2) the integration of pathways and how changes in one effect the flow of another, and (3) global regulators (known and unknown) that integrate complex signals and transmit them into gene expression responses. Biochemistry shows that pathways exist, physiology asks the questions of how they function and why they are important. The key theme of the course will be regulation rather than memorizing pathways. Bacterial Physiology II is entirely independent of the related Bacterial Physiology I and III courses and can be taken without either of the others. (Bender)
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522. Bacterial Physiology III: Nitrogen Metabolism. Biol. 305, and Biol 310, 311, or Biol. Chem 415. (1). (Excl). (BS).
This course will focus on the interconversion of various kinds of nitrogen sources. Topics will include the reduction of nitrate and atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia and the catabolism of urea and amino acids. Emphasis will be on the regulation of these pathways and the regulatory features that allow cells to use only the "appropriate" nitrogen sources to supply their needs. For example, how does a cell know to use the urea before porline as a nitrogen source (and ammonia before urea)? The key theme of the course will be regulation and the logical methods used to figure out how regulation functions. Bacterial Physiology III is entirely independentof the related Bacterial Physiology I and II courses and can be taken without either of the others. The course is intended for graduate students and upper class undergraduates with an interest in microbiology or biochemical regulation. (Bender)
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