Courses offered: POLISH 121/122. First-Year Polish. Instructor(s): Ewa Małachowska-Pasek (ewamm@umich.edu) Prerequisites & Distribution: (4). (LR). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: 4 per semester. Introductory course presenting basic grammatical information and vocabulary. Course is geared toward active language use through oral drills and conversational practice. Conversations and discussions include a cultural component to familiarize students with both Polish language and culture.   POLISH 221/222. Second-Year Polish. Instructor(s): Piotr Antoni Westwalewicz (pwestwal@umich.edu) Prerequisites & Distribution: POLISH 122. (4). (LR). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: 4 per semester. This course builds on work done in POLISH 121/122, First-Year Polish, and assumes a practical knowledge of the grammatical structure of the language. Emphasis is placed on and on developing increased competence in speaking and writing.   Slavic 225. Arts and Cultures of Central Europe. Instructors: Carpenter, Eagle, Toman The course is an introduction to the rich cultures of the peoples of Central Europe (Croats, Czechs, Hungarians, Jews, Poles, Serbs, and Slovaks) seen against the background of two world wars, communism and its recent disintegration. Culturally vibrant, Central Europe reveals the tragic destiny of twentieth-century civilization which gave rise to two totalitarian systems: fascism and communism. The course will outline the ethnic complexities of the region, with special attention to Jewish culture and its tragic destruction during the Holocaust. The trauma of the war on the civilian population will be documented by contemporary films. The course will examine the fate of culture under totalitarianism and study subterfuges used by novelists, dramatists, and artists to circumvent political control and censorship. Students will read works by Kafka, Milosz, Kundera, and Havel; see movies by Wajda and others; become acquainted with Czech and Polish avant-garde art and music and the unique cultural atmosphere of Central European cities: Vienna, Prague, Budapest, and Warsaw.   POLISH 321/322. Third-Year Polish. Instructor(s): Ewa Małachowska-Pasek (ewamm@umich.edu) Prerequisites & Distribution: POLISH 222. (3). (Excl). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: 3 per semester. The course contents cover the following range of issues: food and drink, health, travel, leisure activities holidays, living styles, news. All exercises and activities will be related to these topics. Students will practice vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and intonation of Polish language. Selection of course texts will be determined based on the language skill level of the enrolled students and their specific interests. The course materials will be excerpted from: literary texts (prose, poetry, drama), press clippings, scientific papers, films and recordings, Polish games and quizzes, and other sources. This course is taught in Polish.   POLISH 325(425). Polish Literature in English to 1890. Development of Polish Literature, from Beginnings to 1900. Meets with Polish 621.002. Instructor(s): Bogdana Carpenter (bogdana@umich.edu) Prerequisites & Distribution: (3). (HU). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: (3). The course surveys the development of Polish literature in terms of individual authors and major literary movements from the beginning until 1890. Individual critical analysis of texts required. A knowledge of Polish is NOT required. All readings in English translation. Can NOT be taken as a tutorial.   POLISH 421/422. Fourth-Year Polish. Instructor(s): Piotr Westwalewicz Prerequisites & Distribution: POLISH 322. (3). (Excl). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: 3 per semester. Fourth-Year Polish aims at developing both reading and speaking fluency by building idiomatic skills and studying culture as it is reflected in linguistic patterns and grammatical structures. Readings of specialized texts, viewing of films selected according to students' academic and professional interests. Assignments include oral reports, translations and compositions, and comprehension excercises.   POLISH 450. Directed Polish Reading. Literature Instructor(s): Prerequisites & Distribution: POLISH 325 and/or 326 and reading knowledge of Polish; and permission of instructor. (1-3). (Excl). (INDEPENDENT). May not be repeated for credit. Credits: (1-3).