Forming the Accusative Case of Nouns

The accusative singular of masculine inanimate nouns, all neuter nouns, and feminine nouns ending in a soft consonant is the same as the nominative singular. Masculine animate nouns take the -a ending in the accusative singular (except for masculine nouns ending in -a which follow the femine paradigm). Feminine nouns ending in –a or –i take the –ę ending (except for the noun pani.)

The accusative plural of masculine non-virile, feminine, and neuter nouns is equal to the nominative plural . The accusative plural of virile nouns is equal to the virile genitive case forms: whenever the stem ends in a hard consonant, the noun takes the –ów ending in the accusative plural. When the stem ends in a soft consonant, the noun takes the –i ending. Nouns with a stem ending in a hardened consonant usually take the –y ending in the accusative plural, except for a few nouns taking the –ów ending.

See and compare the following examples:

Syntactic functions of the accusative case