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Instrumental Case
by E. Malachowska-Pasek
and P. Westwalewicz

Below are examples of how and when the instrumental case is used in a sentence.

1. Noun or noun phrase in a compound predicate.

  • Piotr jest (dobrym) lektorem. (Piotr is a good lecturer.)

Formula:
Noun/Noun Phrase
+ być + Noun/Noun Phrase.
NOM. CASEINST. CASE

2. After the following prepositions: z (with), między... a.....(between X...and...X), przed (in front of), za (behind), pod (under), nad (above).

  • Student rozmawia z Piotrem. (A student is speaking with Piotr.)
  • ...między stołem a tablicą (between the table and the blackboard)
  • ...przed ścianą (in front of the wall)
  • ...za szkołą (behind the school)
  • ...pod lampą (under the lamp)
  • ...nad krzesłem (over the chair)

3. After certain verbs, such as: interesować się, zajmować się.

  • Piotr interesuje się piłką nożną. (Piotr is interested in soccer.)
  • Piotr zajmuje się studentami. (Piotr is busy with the students.)

4. Means of performing an action, or the instrument used to perform an action

  • -modes of transportation
    • Piotr jedzie samochodem. (Piotr is going by car.)
    • Piotr płynie statkiem. (Piotr is going/sailing by ship.)
  • -instruments (tools)
    • Piotr je widelcem (Piotr is eating with/using a fork.)
    • Piotr pisze długopisem. (Piotr is writing with/using a pen.)

Forming the instrumental case of nouns

 

Cases: A Summary

 


 

Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures
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