| Forming
the Locative Case of Nouns Click
here for Note to Instructors
by
E. Wampuszyc
The Locative Singular
Forming
the locative case of singular nouns is different from other cases. In the locative
case, the ending depends on the phonetic properties of the
word NOT on its grammatical gender.
The endings are as follows:
Endings |
|
--e |
Masculine, Feminine and Neuter
nouns with
Hard Consonant Stem
(except Masculine and Neuter nouns when stem ends in
K, G, CH)
Alternations
The following alternations
occur in these nouns:
b
> bi
|
d
> dź/dzi
|
f
> fi
|
ł
> l
|
m
> mi
|
n
> ń/ni |
p
> pi |
| r
> rz |
s
> ś/si |
st
> ści |
t
> ć/ci |
w
> wi |
z
> ź/zi |
zd >
źdź/ździ |
The following alternations occur ONLY in Feminine nouns
and Masculine nouns ending in -a:
The
following vowel alternations occur in locative nouns
with the consonant alternation of hard dental
consonants to soft consonants ( d > dź/dzi, n
> ń/ni, s > ś/si, st > ści, t > ć/ci, z
> ź/zi) and r > rz and ł > l:
-e-
> -Ø-
|
-a-
> -e-
|
-o-
> -e-
|
-ó-
> -e- |
|
--u |
Masculine
and Neuter nouns with Soft
Consonant Stem,
Hardened
Consonant Stem and K, G, CH |
--i |
Feminine
Nouns with Soft
Consonant Stem |
--y |
Feminine
Nouns with Hardened
Consonant Stem |
Hard
Consonants
| b |
d |
f
|
g |
h/ch |
k
|
ł
|
m
|
n
|
p
|
r
|
s |
t |
w
|
z |
Hardened
Consonants
Soft
| bi |
ć/ci
|
dź/dzi |
fi
|
gi |
hi/chi |
j
|
ki
|
l
|
mi
|
ń/ni |
pi
|
ś/si
|
wi |
ź/zi |
For a step-by-step FLOW CHART for forming the locative case,
click here.
The Locative Plural
All nouns take the –ami ending in the locative plural.
See, and compare the following examples:
| Nominative Singular |
Locative Plural |
| student |
studentach |
| stół |
stołach |
| matka |
matkach |
| kość |
kościach |
| okno |
oknach |
| imię
|
imionach |
Syntactic functions of the locative case
|
